October 2025 in “Nature Reviews Disease Primers” September 2025 in “Aesthetic Plastic Surgery” 
September 2025 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” This study found that both PRP injections and microneedling treatments significantly improved hair count and thickness in patients with androgenetic alopecia, without significant differences between the two methods. Microneedling also enhanced patient satisfaction and treatment tolerance.
August 2025 in “Stem Cell Research & Therapy” This study found that exosomes from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells significantly promoted hair follicle growth and enhanced the transition to the growth phase in a model of androgenetic alopecia, by enriching specific microRNAs that activate key pathways involved in hair regeneration.
This study observed that exosome treatment in skin led to increased dermal vascularity and mild inflammation, with one alopecia patient showing hair follicle growth at treated areas.
July 2025 in “Journal of Dermatological Treatment” This study found that platelet-rich plasma significantly improved hair growth parameters in androgenic alopecia patients and was even more effective when combined with minoxidil, particularly in reducing vellus hair.
July 2025 in “The FASEB Journal” This study reported that exosomes derived from human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSC-exo) accelerated hair growth in androgenetic alopecia mice by enhancing signals between hair follicle cells and improving cellular environments, particularly protecting against dihydrotestosterone-induced damage via Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
1 citations
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July 2025 in “Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B Biology” Photobiomodulation helps protect hair follicle cells from damage caused by DHT.
July 2025 in “Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” This study found that platelet-rich plasma therapy significantly improved hair density and reduced hair shedding in Vietnamese patients with androgenetic alopecia, with high patient satisfaction and minimal side effects.
May 2025 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” Patient-reported hair improvements align with actual hair density changes, not hair width.
May 2025 in “Journal of Extracellular Vesicles” This study found that extracellular vesicles from erythrocytes may promote hair regeneration in patients with androgenic alopecia by transferring components that upregulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling and are involved in the formation of the skin's outer barrier.
April 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study discovered that exosomes from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells can mitigate damage in dermal papilla cells by modulating the TGF-β1/SMAD2 signaling pathway through miRNAs miR-574-3p and miR-125a-5p, revealing potential therapeutic targets for androgenetic alopecia.
16 citations
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April 2025 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” In this study, an expert panel established a consensus guideline indicating that photobiomodulation is a safe and effective treatment for various conditions, including peripheral neuropathy and androgenic alopecia.
March 2025 in “Aesthetic Plastic Surgery” This open-label study found that combining exosome therapy with microneedling significantly improved hair density and patient satisfaction for male patients with mild to moderate androgenetic alopecia, with most reporting noticeable improvements and only mild, transient side effects after 12 months.
This study found that an exosome formulation with plant extracts significantly increased hair regrowth in men with male pattern alopecia compared to a placebo, without notable adverse effects.
7 citations
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March 2025 in “Aesthetic Plastic Surgery” 
March 2025 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” This study observed that all treatment groups for androgenetic alopecia, using either minoxidil, adipose-derived stem cell secretome, or a combination, showed significant hair growth improvement, with the best results seen in the combination group by week 12, and minimal side effects noted mainly with minoxidil.
February 2025 in “Journal of Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences” In this study, researchers found that autologous platelet-rich plasma injections significantly improved hair density and patient satisfaction in both male and female patients with androgenetic alopecia, with no major side effects reported.
February 2025 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” In this study, researchers administered injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) to 30 patients with androgenetic alopecia, finding an 80% response rate after 6 months, with improved hair density and reduced scalp symptoms, while reporting minimal adverse reactions.
January 2025 in “Journal of Plastic Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery” Two L-PRP treatments improve hair density in mild to moderate alopecia.
December 2024 in “Dermatologic Surgery” This study observed that pooled analysis of LED caps increased hair density in patients with androgenetic alopecia compared to sham, achieving 28.5 more hairs per cm².
December 2024 in “Journal of Biophotonics” In this study, researchers observed that red and red-orange LED light therapy stimulates nitric oxide production and decreases dihydrotestosterone synthesis in cell models, suggesting a potential mechanism for using light therapy to treat androgenetic alopecia.
November 2024 in “Journal of Translational Internal Medicine” This study found that umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes improved hair growth in mice with androgenetic alopecia by promoting hair follicle stem cell stemness through the RAS/ERK pathway, suggesting a potential new treatment strategy for this condition.
October 2024 in “Dermatologic Surgery” This study reviewed recent literature and reported that although PRP products are recognized for benefits in dermatology, including wound care and hair growth, there remains a need for standardized protocols and consensus to enhance their acceptance in cosmetic dermatology.
October 2024 in “Aesthetic Plastic Surgery” In this multicenter observational study, researchers found that using micrografts with human follicle mesenchymal stem cells increased hair density significantly in both male and female patients with mild to moderate androgenic alopecia after 12 months, suggesting a viable alternative for hair regrowth.
October 2024 in “Dermatologic Surgery” In this study, low-level laser/LED therapy significantly increased hair density in patients with androgenetic alopecia compared to placebo over 4 to 26 weeks; however, the efficacy for other alopecia types remains unclear, requiring further research.
October 2024 in “Photodermatology Photoimmunology & Photomedicine” In this study, participants with androgenetic alopecia who used an LED helmet emitting red and green light experienced significant improvements in hair growth measures, with red light showing superior results in increasing hair diameter and reducing vellus hair density over 6 months.
5 citations
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September 2024 in “Dermatological Reviews” This study reviews international perspectives on using platelet-rich plasma, stem cells, and exosomes, highlighting their expanding applications in fields like oncology, dermatology, neurology, and rheumatology, with an emphasis on ethical considerations and the need for further research.
August 2024 in “Aesthetic Plastic Surgery” In this study, injecting foreskin-derived mesenchymal stromal cell exosomes into the scalps of men with androgenetic alopecia significantly increased hair density and patient satisfaction without side effects over a 12-week period.
2 citations
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August 2024 in “International Journal of Dermatology” This study found that treating patients with androgenetic alopecia using exosomes from adipose tissue stem cells over 24 weeks significantly increased hair density and patient satisfaction without severe adverse effects, suggesting a promising alternative treatment for hair loss.
August 2024 in “Stem Cell Research & Therapy” This review discusses current and emerging therapies for androgenetic alopecia, emphasizing regenerative treatments and nanotechnology advancements, but it reports no new clinical results.
July 2024 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” This case study suggests that rose stem cell-derived exosomes, administered via noninvasive electroporation, may promote hair regeneration in androgenetic alopecia; larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.
1 citations
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June 2024 in “JMIR Dermatology” This study found that 675 nm laser treatment improved androgenetic alopecia in Indian patients, resulting in significant increases in hair count, density, and thickness after 14 sessions, enhancing the anagen phase and other hair-related parameters.
June 2024 in “Skin Appendage Disorders” In this study, injections of PRP and MZT products significantly improved hair thickness, density, and count in AGA patients over six months, with variability observed in the extent of improvement between different formulations.
June 2024 in “Regenerative Therapy” This review highlights the potential of exosomes as a novel therapeutic approach for skin diseases and aging, due to their stability, transportability, and ability to carry various bioactive compounds to target cells.
May 2024 in “Medical Journal Armed Forces India/MJAFI” This study found that low-level light therapy was as effective as 5% minoxidil for increasing hair density in men with androgenetic alopecia over six months.
May 2024 in “Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy” This study found that three sessions of injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF+) significantly improved hair follicle density, hair volume, and thickness, as well as patient satisfaction in women with female pattern hair loss, with only minor self-limited adverse effects reported.
May 2024 in “Dermatologic surgery” In this study involving 15 women with alopecia, subcutaneous scalp injections of platelet-rich plasma every four weeks for three sessions led to increased hair and hair follicle density at 24 weeks, with common side effects being local swelling and pain.
May 2024 in “Journal of the Egyptian Women's Dermatologic Society /Journal of the Egyptian Women's Dermatologic Society” In this split-scalp study, researchers observed that combining fractional CO2 laser and PRP treatment was significantly more effective in improving hair parameters in women with female pattern hair loss than using each intervention alone or placebo.
April 2024 in “Animal models and experimental medicine” The researchers reported that platelet-rich plasma treatment increased hair growth in androgenic alopecia patients, potentially by altering scalp microbiota composition, including increased Cutibacterium and decreased Staphylococcus and Lawsonella.
April 2024 in “Skin research and technology” This study found that combining a single SVF injection with PRP sessions did not significantly enhance hair growth outcomes compared to PRP injections alone in patients with androgenetic alopecia.
March 2024 in “Healthcare” In this study, women with androgenetic alopecia underwent stem cell treatment, which led to significant improvements in sexual arousal and satisfaction, psychological health, and environmental quality of life, but not in physical health or social relationships after six months.
February 2024 in “Dermatologic Surgery” This review discusses the evidence for platelet-rich plasma in hair restoration and skin rejuvenation, highlighting its benefits but noting a lack of consensus on best practices and protocols.
January 2024 in “Biomedicines” This study found that a single injection of autologous cell micrografts significantly improved hair condition in women with androgenetic alopecia six months post-treatment.
January 2024 in “Advances in Dermatology and Allergology” This abstract highlights the prevalence of androgenetic alopecia in men and young adults and mentions the psychological impact, noting that while various therapies exist, clear treatment algorithms are lacking according to this source.
January 2024 in “Dermatologic Therapy” This study reported that in patients with androgenic alopecia, platelet-rich plasma therapy's effectiveness in enhancing hair density and caliber was positively correlated with specific growth factor concentrations, notably glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor and platelet-derived growth factor-BB, while no significant correlations were found with demographic factors.
January 2024 in “JCPSP. Journal of the College of Physicians & Surgeons Pakistan” This study found that platelet-rich plasma therapy may be a useful alternative to 5% topical minoxidil for treating androgenetic alopecia, with differences in the effectiveness and patient satisfaction outcomes observed.
November 2023 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” This study found that ITGA6-positive dermal sheath cup cells, identified by their superior migratory activity, may enhance cell-based therapy for male and female pattern hair loss by promoting cell migration into hair follicles.
September 2023 in “The Journal of Dermatology” In this study, injecting dermal sheath cup cells into affected areas of pattern hair loss improved hair thickness and patient-reported hair appearance in 62.9% of the participants, with better results in women, without serious side effects.
September 2023 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” In this study, researchers evaluated how subjects perceive the effectiveness of three FDA-cleared photobiomodulation devices for home use in treating androgenetic alopecia, though specific outcomes or comparative effectiveness are not reported in the abstract.
1 citations
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June 2023 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” This study found that while clinical evidence is limited, early preclinical results suggest exosome treatment may enhance hair growth and warrant further research for therapeutic use in alopecia.
June 2023 in “Skin Research and Technology” This study concluded that, in male patients with mild-to-moderate androgenetic alopecia, injections of PRP prepared by an automated method combined with topical 5% minoxidil were effective and safe, showing superior clinical efficacy and patient satisfaction compared to PRP alone.
June 2023 in “Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery” In this study, autologous hair follicle mesenchymal stem cell therapy was effective in promoting hair growth in Chinese patients with advanced androgenic alopecia, particularly improving hair shaft diameter in follicles less than 60 µm without obvious side effects.
June 2023 in “Stem cell reviews and reports” This review summarizes current methods, effectiveness, and clinical progress of stem cell therapies for androgenetic alopecia, highlighting their potential for hair regrowth and follicle repair despite unclear long-term effects and mechanisms.
May 2023 in “Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery” In this study, 675 nm laser treatment significantly improved hair density and reduced miniaturization in both male and female patients with alopecia androgenetica, showing promising results without side effects after 10 sessions.
This article discusses androgenetic alopecia, emphasizing its prevalence across age groups and noting that it is the most common cause of hair loss in adolescents, but provides no new clinical results.
April 2023 in “Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences” This study found that sub-dermal platelet-rich plasma injections were effective for treating androgenic alopecia among both male and female participants.
April 2023 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology” Both methods of platelet-rich plasma showed positive effects on hair loss.
February 2023 in “Journal of Dermatological Treatment” In this study, both platelet-rich plasma and minoxidil increased hair counts and density in moderate androgenetic alopecia in men, but patient satisfaction was higher with minoxidil, which also had fewer side effects.
January 2023 in “Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology” In this study, activated platelet-rich plasma improved hair density and thickness in patients with androgenetic alopecia, with higher platelet counts enhancing these effects over time.
December 2022 in “Journal of Clinical Medicine” This study reported that a new PRP application protocol with two treatments enhanced hair growth metrics in the vertex region of androgenetic alopecia patients within six months.
8 citations
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October 2022 in “Regenerative Therapy” This review discusses regenerative medicine approaches for treating alopecia, including mesenchymal stem cell therapies and platelet-rich plasma, but reports no new clinical results, emphasizing the need for further study.
October 2022 in “Journal of Drugs in Dermatology” This study observed that both PRP and 1550 nm fractional erbium-glass laser improved AGA, with greater hair density in patients receiving the combination therapy and no side effects reported.
September 2022 in “Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology” April 2022 in “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology” April 2022 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” In this study, combining platelet-rich plasma and platelet gel treatments significantly reduced hair loss and increased hair density and diameter in patients with resistant androgenic alopecia, leading to high patient satisfaction.
10 citations
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February 2022 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” This abstract provides information about data availability and author affiliations but does not contain results or conclusions from the study itself.
1 citations
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February 2022 in “Lasers in Medical Science” In this real-world study, low-level laser helmet therapy for androgenetic alopecia showed that male patients with specific scalp conditions may have better results after more than 180 uses or a year of treatment.
January 2022 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” This study found that PRP injections, prepared using a digital centrifuge with a large-sized sodium citrate tube at low centrifugation speed, significantly improved hair thickness and terminal hair percentage in women with pattern hair loss, with similar results across different preparation methods.
January 2022 in “Aesthetic surgery journal” In this study, intradermal injections of extracellular vesicles over six months were reported to be safe and effective in improving hair growth among patients with pattern hair loss, with favorable response linked to specific patient factors and treatment volumes.
1 citations
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December 2021 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” This study observed that COVID-19 is associated with accelerated androgenetic alopecia, and platelet-rich plasma treatment showed improvement in hair loss after infection.
December 2021 in “Farmacia” This study evaluated the effects of different treatments, including a topical mixture of finasteride and minoxidil, PRP infiltrations, and oral medication, on hair loss, density, and follicle diameter.
2 citations
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August 2021 in “Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy” In this study, 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy did not improve hair growth in patients with androgenetic alopecia but was safe and slightly reduced scalp sebum secretion.
23 citations
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June 2021 in “Lasers in Medical Science” In this study, blue light therapy at a specific wavelength increased hair density and shaft width in 90% of patients with androgenetic alopecia after 10 weeks.
6 citations
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May 2021 in “Aesthetic Surgery Journal” This study found that intradermal injections of platelet-rich plasma were equally safe and effective for treating androgenetic alopecia, with higher platelet numbers possibly enhancing hair density and follicle diameter.
4 citations
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May 2021 in “Lasers in Surgery and Medicine” This study observed that adding low-level light therapy with the GentleWaves® device to Minoxidil significantly boosted hair regrowth in men with androgenetic alopecia by reducing scalp inflammation.
April 2021 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” Stem cell treatment improved hair density in female hair loss patient.
2 citations
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March 2021 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” This study found that human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cell-conditioned media was safe and positively affected hair regeneration in 86.6% of participants in a pilot study.
6 citations
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March 2021 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” In this study, platelet-rich plasma treatment improved hair regrowth and characteristics in mice and showed therapeutic efficacy in Chinese patients with androgenetic alopecia.
2 citations
,
March 2021 in “Dermatologic Therapy” This study found that low-level laser therapy significantly increased hair counts in women with female pattern hair loss but not in those with telogen effluvium, without serious adverse events.
6 citations
,
January 2021 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” This review discusses the use of platelet-rich plasma for alopecia treatment and notes a lack of data on the consistency of FDA-approved PRP devices in clinical settings.
1 citations
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January 2021 in “Indian Dermatology Online Journal” This expert group provided recommendations for preparing and using platelet-rich plasma in treating androgenetic alopecia, suggesting a manual double-spin method and specific dosing, although further studies on injectable platelet-rich fibrin are needed.
3 citations
,
December 2020 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” This study reported that autologous whole fat injection in the scalp considerably increased hair growth in patients with androgenetic alopecia.
4 citations
,
November 2020 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This article discusses the factors driving the platelet-rich plasma market in dermatology and reports no clinical results; it highlights the need for more affordable and accessible treatments.
1 citations
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November 2020 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This study highlights criticisms of existing research on PRP as a treatment for androgenetic alopecia, noting small sample sizes, lack of controls, subjective result analysis, and varied methodologies.
5 citations
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October 2020 in “Lasers in Medical Science” This study found that combination therapy with LLLT and 5% minoxidil improved hair diameter and density more effectively than each treatment alone in women with female pattern hair loss.
23 citations
,
September 2020 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” This review discusses the potential applications of injectable platelet‐rich fibrin in various conditions and reports no new clinical results; the authors highlight its favorable use in comparison to existing treatments.
13 citations
,
September 2020 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This study found that combining platelet-rich plasma therapy with minoxidil was more effective in treating androgenetic alopecia in men than either treatment alone.
10 citations
,
September 2020 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” Both methods improve hair density and thickness; double-spin may be more effective.
4 citations
,
September 2020 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” This study found that platelet-rich plasma injections promote hair growth and are safe and effective for treating androgenetic alopecia.
7 citations
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August 2020 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This letter comments on a randomized controlled trial by Shapiro et al that found no significant benefits of platelet-rich plasma compared to placebo for male androgenetic alopecia, highlighting issues with PRP protocol variations.
August 2020 in “Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas” This study found that platelet rich plasma injections led to a 19.17% increase in hair density in males with androgenetic alopecia, although response did not correlate with age or duration of the condition.
8 citations
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August 2020 in “Experimental dermatology” This study observed that platelet-rich plasma samples from female patients show significant variability in growth factor secretion, which may influence the inconsistent clinical response in alopecia treatment.
8 citations
,
July 2020 in “Medicine” In this study, low-level light therapy using a new helmet-type device significantly increased hair density and thickness in patients with androgenetic alopecia, showing no adverse events or side effects, suggesting it may be a safe and effective treatment option for both sexes.
33 citations
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July 2020 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” In this study, PRP increased hair density in areas treated for androgenetic alopecia, but there was no significant difference when compared to placebo-treated areas.
18 citations
,
July 2020 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This study found that PRP injections using the Eclipse system significantly improved hair density and caliber in women with androgenetic alopecia compared to saline placebo at 24 weeks.
July 2020 in “Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy” This study found that platelet-rich plasma injections significantly increased hair density and width while improving patient satisfaction in androgenic alopecia treatment without adverse effects.
June 2020 in “Aesthetic Surgery Journal” This study found that PRP with high estrogen levels increased hair density more effectively and earlier than autologous PRP in male patients with androgenic alopecia.
25 citations
,
May 2020 in “Stem Cells Translational Medicine” In this randomized clinical trial, the authors reported that adipose-derived stem cell constituent extract topical solution increased hair density and thickness in patients with androgenetic alopecia over 16 weeks compared to placebo.
14 citations
,
April 2020 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” In this study, intradermal injections of QR678 were found to significantly reduce hair fall in men with androgenetic alopecia over 6 months, with superior improvements in hair density and thickness compared to PRP.
22 citations
,
March 2020 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This study found that injecting autologous dermal sheath cup cells significantly increased hair density and diameter in male and female pattern hair loss compared to a placebo for up to 9 months.
44 citations
,
February 2020 in “Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy” In this study, autologous non-activated platelet-rich plasma was associated with greater hair re-growth than autologous activated platelet-rich plasma over long-term follow-up.
13 citations
,
January 2020 in “Experimental Dermatology” This pilot clinical trial suggests that platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treatment may increase hair density in patients with androgenetic alopecia, though outcomes varied between patients.
8 citations
,
January 2020 in “Acta dermato-venereologica” This pilot study found that platelet-rich plasma injections did not improve hair growth in men with androgenetic alopecia.
41 citations
,
January 2020 in “BioMed Research International” This study found that micrografts containing human hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells significantly increased hair count and density compared to placebo over 58 weeks in patients experiencing hair loss.
4 citations
,
December 2019 in “Skin appendage disorders” In this study, manually prepared platelet-rich plasma did not show significant improvement in hair count or anagen hair proportion for men with androgenetic alopecia.
26 citations
,
December 2019 in “Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology” This study found that platelet-rich plasma combined with topical minoxidil was more effective in increasing hair density for male-type baldness than either treatment alone.
14 citations
,
October 2019 in “Journal of Cellular Physiology” This study found that dermis micrografting improved hair growth and density in patients with androgenetic alopecia over 4, 6, and 12 months, suggesting it could be a novel treatment option.
4 citations
,
October 2019 in “Skin appendage disorders” This study found that autologous activated PRP injections significantly increased hair density in patients with androgenetic alopecia, with patients reporting high satisfaction and few side effects.
22 citations
,
October 2019 in “Dermatologic Surgery” This study found that platelet-rich plasma was effective for hair regrowth in women with androgenic alopecia, though less so than minoxidil, but it was associated with improved quality of life responses.
20 citations
,
September 2019 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” This study found that combining stromal vascular fraction with PRP injections significantly improved hair density and reduced hair loss more effectively than PRP alone in patients with androgenetic alopecia.
9 citations
,
September 2019 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” This study found that platelet-rich plasma injections significantly increased hair density in men with androgenetic alopecia compared to placebo, but further research is needed to understand factors influencing treatment success.
39 citations
,
March 2019 in “Dermatologic Surgery” This study's meta-analysis reported that PRP injections significantly increased hair density compared to baseline and placebo in androgenetic alopecia patients, supporting its use as a beneficial treatment.
6 citations
,
September 2018 in “Journal of Dermatological Treatment” This review examines the FDA's 510(k) approval process for low-level laser therapy devices used in treating androgenetic alopecia and reports no new clinical findings.
46 citations
,
May 2018 in “Dermatologic Surgery” In this study, subdermal platelet-rich plasma injections significantly increased hair count and shaft caliber in individuals with androgenetic alopecia, with monthly treatments potentially offering greater benefits.
15 citations
,
October 2017 in “Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy” This review identifies FDA-cleared home-use photobiomodulation devices for androgenetic alopecia treatment and highlights their excellent safety profile but notes the lack of long-term comparative studies.
4 citations
,
May 2015 in “Hair transplant forum international” The review concluded that better studies are needed to prove if Low-Level Laser Therapy devices for hair growth really work.
16 citations
,
April 2015 in “Lasers in Surgery and Medicine” In this study, the researchers found that the effectiveness of a 1,550-nm fractional laser in promoting hair growth in mice depends on the specific combination of beam energy and density, with inappropriate settings potentially causing ulcers or hair follicle injury.
