Androgenetic Alopecia: An Update on Pathogenesis and Pharmacological Treatment

    Shuting Chen, Ling Li, Weifeng Ding, Ya-Jie Zhu, N. Zhou
    TLDR Current treatments for androgenetic alopecia are complex and promising, but more research is needed.
    This review provides an update on the pathogenesis and pharmacological treatment of androgenetic alopecia (AGA), emphasizing the complexity of its treatment due to factors like androgen metabolism, inflammation, and energy metabolism disorders. It discusses the efficacy and limitations of current treatments, including FDA-approved finasteride and minoxidil, and explores alternative therapies such as ketoconazole shampoo, isotretinoin, botulinum toxin, melatonin, and prostaglandin analogues. The review highlights promising results from combination therapies, such as minoxidil with spironolactone, and the potential of caffeine and adenosine as alternatives. Despite these advances, the need for further large-scale studies to validate efficacy and optimize treatment strategies is emphasized.
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