The Skin Microenvironment: A Dynamic Regulator of Hair Follicle Development, Cycling, and Disease

September 2025 in “ Biomolecules ”

Weiguo Song, Miaoru Peng, Qiqi Ma, Xiaoyu Han, Chunyan Gao, Wenqi Zhang, Dongjun Liu

hair follicle follicle miniaturization skin microenvironment intrinsic follicle signaling follicular microenvironment signaling molecules metabolic changes

Studysummary This review analyzed the complex interactions within the skin microenvironment that influence hair follicle development and regeneration, exploring its role in hair-related disease treatment and highlighting research challenges and future directions.

Our plain-language summary. Not medical advice or a treatment recommendation. Consult a qualified healthcare professional before changing treatment. Full disclaimer

The review emphasizes the critical role of the skin microenvironment in hair follicle development, cycling, and disease, highlighting the influence of various cells, signaling molecules, and metabolic changes. Imbalances in this environment can lead to hair follicle miniaturization and hair loss. Key cell types involved include immune cells, adipocytes, and vascular endothelial cells, which interact with signaling molecules like hormones, vitamins, and growth factors to regulate hair growth. The document discusses the potential of targeting these pathways for therapeutic strategies, noting the effectiveness of treatments like tofacitinib for alopecia areata. It also highlights the need for further research to understand these complex interactions and develop effective hair loss treatments.

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