September 2025 in “PubMed” In this study, the combined use of Exosome Regenerative Complex and RF microneedling significantly improved hair density, hair growth, and hair quality in subjects with self-perceived thinning hair, showing high satisfaction with no adverse events after 120 days of treatment.
September 2025 in “PubMed” This review discusses recent advances in hair regeneration strategies, including mechanical stimulation and complementary therapies like MSC transplantation and platelet-rich plasma, and reports no new clinical results.
September 2025 in “Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” This analysis concluded that mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome therapy may offer a promising and safe approach for hair restoration, especially in androgenetic alopecia, despite limitations in study consistency and size.
3 citations
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August 2025 in “Stem Cell Research & Therapy” This review examines adipose-derived stem cells as a promising therapy for alopecia but reports no new clinical results, discussing their potential mechanisms and the challenges faced in treatment development.
August 2025 in “Annals of Medicine” This review discusses recent advances in using extracellular vesicles as a potential treatment for alopecia and highlights ongoing challenges in their clinical application and mass production; no new clinical results are reported.
In this study, microneedling radiofrequency followed by topical exosome application was associated with significant increases in hair density and diameter, showing promising potential as a therapy for pattern hair loss.
July 2025 in “World Journal of Stem Cells” This review highlights that exosome-based therapies show promise for hair regeneration by modulating signaling pathways and enhancing hair follicle regeneration; however, further clinical research is needed due to variability in methods and limited clinical studies.
June 2025 in “Stem Cell Research & Therapy” In this study, researchers found that isoproterenol, an adrenergic β2 receptor agonist, promoted hair growth and hair follicle stem cell proliferation in models of androgenetic alopecia by modulating the PI3K/AKT/β-Catenin pathway, suggesting a potential new therapeutic strategy for hair loss.
June 2025 in “Stem Cell Research & Therapy” This review highlights recent advancements in androgenetic alopecia treatment, focusing on the dysregulated signaling pathways involved in hair follicle regeneration and exploring innovative therapeutic strategies, including small molecule modulators and gene editing technologies, which show promise in preclinical models.
May 2025 in “Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology” In this study, the researchers reported that a novel exosome-based treatment, EX104, effectively reversed hair follicle miniaturization and promoted hair growth in a mouse model of androgenetic alopecia, showing results comparable to minoxidil and surpassing it in stimulating capillary growth and follicular proliferation.
This review explores emerging therapies for hair regrowth, highlighting two strategies: hair follicle neogenesis and Wnt/B-catenin pathway modulation, which show promise for treating alopecia by potentially offering more effective options than existing treatments.
May 2025 in “Dermatologic Surgery” This review of hair transplantation's last five years highlights advances in techniques, devices, and medical therapies leading to improved aesthetic outcomes and increased patient satisfaction, along with future directions like artificial intelligence and hair follicle cloning, according to the review.
April 2025 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This review highlights the limitations of existing hair loss treatments like minoxidil and finasteride and suggests that future therapies may benefit from focusing on antibody and cell-based treatments, which offer targeted and potentially transformative options for managing hair loss disorders.
March 2025 in “Aesthetic Plastic Surgery” This open-label study found that combining exosome therapy with microneedling significantly improved hair density and patient satisfaction for male patients with mild to moderate androgenetic alopecia, with most reporting noticeable improvements and only mild, transient side effects after 12 months.
March 2025 in “World Journal of Stem Cells” This study found that human adipose-derived MSC exosomes (hADSC-Exos) may enhance dermal papillary cell proliferation and migration by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, potentially reversing the effects of dihydrotestosterone in androgenetic alopecia.
This review discusses the mechanisms regulating wound-induced hair-follicle neogenesis and highlights potential treatments, like Wnt signaling activators, for enhancing this process in humans, yet reports no new clinical results.
March 2025 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” This study found that combined microneedling with minoxidil significantly improved hair count and diameter in patients with androgenetic alopecia, although more mild adverse events were reported compared to minoxidil alone.
February 2025 in “Dermatologic Surgery” This review examines the historical evolution of hair transplantation techniques over 200 years, highlighting key milestones and advancements but does not present new clinical findings.
February 2025 in “Stem Cell Research & Therapy” This study reviews advancements in hair follicle regeneration, discussing the benefits and limitations of methods such as organ germ assembling, stem cell induction, and bioprinting, while highlighting the challenges of replicating embryonic signals and finding suitable cell sources for clinical applications.
February 2025 in “Theranostics” In this study, researchers used 3D bioprinting with skin stem cells and specific hydrogels to create artificial skin that successfully promoted complete wound healing and the regeneration of skin structures, including hair follicles and blood vessels, in mice.
January 2025 in “Biochemical Pharmacology” In this study, fibroblasts treated with the small molecule peficitinib were reprogrammed into dermal papilla cell-like cells capable of inducing hair growth, offering a new strategy for hair loss treatment.
1 citations
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January 2025 in “Genes & Diseases” This review highlights that T cells are crucial in regulating hair follicle regeneration and their disruption can lead to alopecia, providing insights into hair disorders related to T cell immune balance and hair follicle regeneration.
December 2024 in “Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery” This review highlights recent advancements in FUE hair transplantation techniques and technologies, noting significant improvements in reducing follicle damage and increasing procedure speed, while emphasizing the need for surgeons to choose suitable devices for each patient's specific needs.
November 2024 in “Stem Cell Research & Therapy” This study found that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) promoted hair regeneration in androgenetic alopecia model mice by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling, enhancing hair follicle stem cell proliferation, and reducing dermal papilla cell apoptosis.
September 2024 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” This report describes ARTAS, a robotic hair transplant technology with advanced mechanical and recognition capabilities, which has gained popularity in China since 2016 due to its ease of use and efficient hair follicle harvesting.
September 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study developed a deep learning-based tool to quantify individual hair fibers in mice, revealing distinct hair phenotypes linked to hormonal, genetic, and age-related factors, and suggesting its potential for new diagnostic methods through hair analysis.
August 2024 in “Aesthetic Plastic Surgery” In this study, injecting foreskin-derived mesenchymal stromal cell exosomes into the scalps of men with androgenetic alopecia significantly increased hair density and patient satisfaction without side effects over a 12-week period.
4 citations
,
August 2024 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” The researchers presented new, practical photography protocols for hair loss assessment that clinicians can use even without formal medical photography units, aiming to standardize high-quality imaging in both clinical and research settings.
August 2024 in “Stem Cell Research & Therapy” This review discusses current and emerging therapies for androgenetic alopecia, emphasizing regenerative treatments and nanotechnology advancements, but it reports no new clinical results.
June 2024 in “Acta dermato-venereologica” Topical minoxidil effectively stimulates hair growth in men with hair loss.
1 citations
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March 2024 in “Skin research and technology” In this study, a modified Xception deep learning model achieved a 92% accuracy rate in diagnosing hair and scalp disorders, significantly outperforming other models, suggesting AI could improve dermatological diagnostics' accuracy and accessibility.
February 2024 in “Biomedical materials” This study developed a new human in vitro hair model that replicates in vivo hair characteristics and may be suitable for high throughput screening of hair growth treatments.
February 2024 in “Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas” This study involved a Delphi-method consensus from 34 Spanish dermatologists, outlining structured recommendations for managing androgenetic alopecia based on available scientific evidence and expert opinions, aiming to guide clinical practice amid limited treatment approvals and varying effectiveness.
January 2024 in “Annals of Dermatology” This study highlights the lack of sufficient Korean epidemiological research examining the psychosocial aspects of female pattern hair loss, the leading cause of hair loss among women.
November 2023 in “Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal” This study reports the development of a prototype robotic hair transplant system capable of efficiently harvesting and implanting hair grafts, showing promising accuracy and performance in tests using a spherical scalp phantom.
November 2023 in “International Journal of Medical Sciences” This review examines the mechanisms of hair follicle development and regeneration, discussing current hair loss treatments and emerging therapies like low-level laser therapy and stem cell therapy, which the authors suggest show promise in managing hair loss.
2 citations
,
October 2023 in “Science advances” In this study, researchers demonstrated that human hair follicle outer root sheath cells release ATP, serotonin, and histamine in response to mechanical stimulation, which subsequently activates surrounding sensory neurons.
1 citations
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October 2023 in “Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery” This meta-analysis reported that stem cell-derived conditioned medium effectively increases hair density and thickness in patients with alopecia, with longer treatment durations showing greater improvements.
46 citations
,
October 2023 in “Science Advances” In this study, researchers used 3D bioprinting to successfully create engineered skin tissues with hair follicle-like structures, potentially enhancing skin grafts and safety testing for chemical compounds by more closely mimicking natural skin complexity.
October 2023 in “Biomaterials” This review highlights the potential of nanotechnology for hair follicle regeneration, focusing on strategies such as hair cycle modulation, progenitor cell stimulation, and wound-induced hair neogenesis, while also discussing regulatory challenges that may affect the development of these innovative approaches.
September 2023 in “The Journal of Dermatology” In this study, injecting dermal sheath cup cells into affected areas of pattern hair loss improved hair thickness and patient-reported hair appearance in 62.9% of the participants, with better results in women, without serious side effects.
August 2023 in “Molecules and Cells” In this review, researchers explored how various cell types and molecular mechanisms contribute to wound-induced hair follicle neogenesis, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic approach for regenerating hair follicles and minimizing scar formation after injury.
August 2023 in “Aesthetic Plastic Surgery” This meta-analysis found that PRP monotherapy improved hair density in androgenetic alopecia patients but did not affect hair diameter, with stronger effects observed in male subjects.
August 2023 in “Stem Cell Research & Therapy” In this study on male androgenetic alopecia, the researchers reported significant increases in hair count, density, and thickness with minimal side effects over 6 weeks using adipose-derived stem cell conditioned media and minoxidil, but found no significant differences between concentrated and non-concentrated treatments.
4 citations
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August 2023 in “Nature Communications” In this study, researchers observed that the combination of hair progenitors and their micro-niche changes every three days in mouse zigzag hair, and disruptions in specific genes affected this rhythm, highlighting the importance of this periodic change for normal hair morphology.
1 citations
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June 2023 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” This study found that while clinical evidence is limited, early preclinical results suggest exosome treatment may enhance hair growth and warrant further research for therapeutic use in alopecia.
June 2023 in “Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery” In this study, autologous hair follicle mesenchymal stem cell therapy was effective in promoting hair growth in Chinese patients with advanced androgenic alopecia, particularly improving hair shaft diameter in follicles less than 60 µm without obvious side effects.
21 citations
,
June 2023 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences” This study found that human scalp hair significantly reduces solar radiation intake, with more tightly curled hair offering greater protection against heat gain compared to a naked scalp.
June 2023 in “Stem cell reviews and reports” This review summarizes current methods, effectiveness, and clinical progress of stem cell therapies for androgenetic alopecia, highlighting their potential for hair regrowth and follicle repair despite unclear long-term effects and mechanisms.
May 2023 in “Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology” This review outlines the potential of using human pluripotent stem cells for hair follicle bioengineering, detailing current HF morphogenesis and cycling knowledge, various cell sources, and strategies using iPSCs, while discussing the challenges and prospects for therapeutic use in addressing hair loss.
This comprehensive review analyzes androgenetic alopecia treatments, discussing the mechanisms, costs, efficacy, and safety of FDA-approved drugs like minoxidil and finasteride, as well as newer non-FDA-approved options that have shown effectiveness across various studies.
May 2023 in “Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” This review examines the efficacy of various novel treatments for androgenetic alopecia, including oral minoxidil and platelet-rich plasma, suggesting potential benefits but emphasizing the need for further high-quality clinical trials to thoroughly evaluate their effectiveness.
April 2023 in “ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering” This review highlights the importance of using 3D scaffolds in vitro to support hair follicle regeneration, emphasizing how these structures help maintain cell function and mimic the natural environment, which is crucial for developing hair follicle organoids for transplantation.
3 citations
,
March 2023 in “Scientific Reports” This study found that organoid cultures of human epithelial and mesenchymal cells can produce hair peg-like structures, and their growth is enhanced by minoxidil, suggesting potential for hair drug screening.
This review suggests that stem cells might be a promising addition or alternative to standard treatments for androgenic alopecia, but larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.
This study identified CXXC5 as a key mediator of hair loss induced by PGD2 and DHT via suppression of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, with implications for potential therapeutic targets.
3 citations
,
January 2023 in “Materials horizons” This study developed 3D micropatterns with magnesium silicate nanospheres that mimic vessels and hair follicles for potential use in skin regeneration by reconstructing vasculature and promoting hair growth.
January 2023 in “Skin appendage disorders” This review discusses the potential of low-dose oral minoxidil as a safe and effective treatment for certain hair disorders, including alopecia, but reports no new clinical results.
1 citations
,
December 2022 in “JAMA Dermatology” This study found that the HairComb algorithm achieved high accuracy in quantifying percentage hair loss across various types of alopecia, suggesting its potential for standardized automated assessments.
45 citations
,
November 2022 in “Acta Biomaterialia” This study developed a biomimetic 3-D co-culture system that enhances the hair-inductive properties of human dermal papilla cell aggregates, potentially improving hair follicle tissue engineering.
1 citations
,
October 2022 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” In this study, combining 2% minoxidil with weekly microneedling significantly improved hair regrowth in women with female pattern hair loss compared to using minoxidil alone, with an 85% effective rate reported in the group receiving both treatments over a 24-week period.
16 citations
,
September 2022 in “Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology” This article explores how adult mammals can regenerate hair follicles after wounding and suggests that manipulating cell signals during healing might enhance this process, but provides no new experimental results.
16 citations
,
June 2022 in “Acta biomaterialia” This study presents a bioprinter-based method for creating scalable, automated hair-inductive tissue grafts that showed improved hair shaft sprouting in mice by using suture guides to control orientation.
1 citations
,
April 2022 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” This review highlights that androgenetic alopecia significantly impacts psychological well-being and quality of life, emphasizing the need for integrated psychological support alongside dermatological treatment.
15 citations
,
March 2022 in “Acta Biomaterialia” This study demonstrated that a 3D bioprinting technique using a gelatin/alginate hydrogel scaffold can regenerate entire hair follicles in mice, offering potential advancements in hair loss treatment.
4 citations
,
March 2022 in “Pharmaceutics” This review explores regenerative treatment options for non-scarring alopecia, with a focus on the potential of mesenchymal stem cells for hair regrowth, but it reports no new clinical results.
January 2022 in “Stem cell biology and regenerative medicine” This review discusses the role of dermal sheath cells in hair follicle regeneration, suggesting they show potential for treating pattern hair loss, but emphasizes the need for further human studies.
December 2021 in “Acta dermato-venereologica” This study developed a deep learning framework and quantitative model that accurately predict basic and specific classification in male androgenetic alopecia by analyzing trichoscopic images.
2 citations
,
December 2021 in “Dermatology and therapy” This review reports that clinical studies generally showed favorable results for microneedling as an adjunct therapy for androgenic alopecia and alopecia areata, despite the low quality of existing data.
9 citations
,
November 2021 in “Current Opinion in Genetics & Development” This review discusses recent advancements in Wound Induced Hair Neogenesis in mice, emphasizing the potential of neogenic hair regeneration to enhance understanding of adult mammalian regeneration, but reports no new experimental results.
1 citations
,
August 2021 in “Dermatologic Surgery” This study reviewed 31 men with androgenetic alopecia who underwent hair transplantation using a robotic recipient site creation device, finding it to be as fast and consistent as manual methods and demonstrating high safety and patient satisfaction.
8 citations
,
August 2021 in “Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine” This article proposes a machine learning framework for classifying healthy hair and alopecia areata using image processing and classification techniques, but does not report new clinical findings.
16 citations
,
June 2021 in “Journal of Dermatological Treatment” This study reported that while topical minoxidil exhibits hair regrowth in androgenetic alopecia, oral minoxidil 5 mg/day was more effective than topical forms after six months, with low doses also potentially effective for women and other hair loss types.
13 citations
,
March 2021 in “British Journal of Pharmacology” This study found that KY19382 can effectively promote hair regeneration and follicle neogenesis in mice and human hair models by activating Wnt/β-catenin signalling, suggesting potential use for alopecia treatment.
42 citations
,
February 2021 in “Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy” This review discusses potential cell sources and bioengineering strategies for regenerating hair follicles with functional cycling, reporting no new results.
4 citations
,
January 2021 in “Dermatologic Therapy” This review highlights current and future AI applications in hair restoration and diagnosis of hair disorders, including automated systems for hair detection and self-diagnosis, emphasizing the need for experts to understand their benefits and limitations.
23 citations
,
January 2021 in “Scientific Reports” In this study, hair follicle germs containing vascular endothelial cells showed improved hair regeneration and morphogenesis-related gene expression in mice, suggesting a promising strategy for hair regenerative medicine.
1 citations
,
January 2021 in “Indian Dermatology Online Journal” This expert group provided recommendations for preparing and using platelet-rich plasma in treating androgenetic alopecia, suggesting a manual double-spin method and specific dosing, although further studies on injectable platelet-rich fibrin are needed.
102 citations
,
July 2020 in “International journal of molecular sciences” This review discusses the effects of hormonal changes on hair follicles, concluding that hormones like androgens and estradiol significantly influence hair growth and cycle, while the roles of other hormones are still being researched.
25 citations
,
May 2020 in “Stem Cells Translational Medicine” In this randomized clinical trial, the authors reported that adipose-derived stem cell constituent extract topical solution increased hair density and thickness in patients with androgenetic alopecia over 16 weeks compared to placebo.
65 citations
,
April 2020 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This review indicates that most studies reported positive effects of platelet-rich plasma injections for treating androgenic alopecia, with no major side effects, suggesting it may be a safe alternative to Minoxidil and Finasteride.
22 citations
,
March 2020 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This study found that injecting autologous dermal sheath cup cells significantly increased hair density and diameter in male and female pattern hair loss compared to a placebo for up to 9 months.
2 citations
,
January 2020 in “Methods in molecular biology” This study describes a protocol for generating hair follicle germ-like organoids from human skin cells, which may aid in alopecia drug discovery and understanding hair follicle regeneration.
29 citations
,
December 2019 in “Stem Cells Translational Medicine” This review discusses the current challenges and strategies in hair follicle bioengineering for treating hair loss and reports no new clinical results; it highlights ongoing hurdles and future directions for developing functional hair regeneration therapies.
136 citations
,
May 2019 in “Cells” This review discusses the advancements in intraoperative stem cell therapies and highlights their potential to improve hair regrowth, but it reports no new clinical results.
163 citations
,
April 2019 in “Nature Communications” This study found that mechanical skin stretching can stimulate hair stem cell proliferation and hair regeneration by activating a complex pathway involving WNT, BMP-2, and M2 macrophages.
1 citations
,
January 2019 in “Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology” 
184 citations
,
December 2018 in “Nature Communications” This study demonstrated that enhancing human skin constructs with hair follicles through engineered cell organization and vascularization improved hair growth in immunodeficient mice, suggesting potential advances for treating alopecia and chronic wounds.
23 citations
,
August 2018 in “Anais Brasileiros De Dermatologia” This study found that patients with androgenetic alopecia reported more impact on their quality of life in terms of emotions, functioning, and symptoms than those with alopecia areata.
44 citations
,
June 2018 in “Journal of Cellular Physiology” This study found that using 3D dermal papilla spheroid models enhances extracellular matrix production and hair follicle marker expression, providing insights into hair follicle biology and potential for drug screening.
68 citations
,
May 2018 in “PLOS Biology” This study demonstrates that inhibiting SFRP1 with the antagonist WAY-316606 enhances hair growth in human scalp hair follicles ex vivo by facilitating Wnt signalling.
37 citations
,
June 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study suggests that the interaction between CXXC5 and Dishevelled is a potential target for promoting hair regrowth and hair follicle formation, offering a new approach to treat hair loss.
20 citations
,
August 2016 in “International Journal of Cancer” This study reports that male-pattern baldness may be linked to an increased risk of skin cancer, particularly for tumors located on the scalp.
55 citations
,
January 2016 in “Annals of Dermatology” This study found that repeated microneedle stimulation in mice promoted hair growth and increased the expression of hair-growth-related genes, suggesting potential therapeutic uses for alopecia.
37 citations
,
October 2015 in “European Journal of Human Genetics” This study found that a genetic model using SNPs can predict early-onset male-pattern baldness with moderate accuracy, which may assist in decisions about interventions.
83 citations
,
January 2015 in “World Journal of Stem Cells” This review discusses current experimental approaches for regenerating human hair follicles using tissue engineering and isolated cells, but reports no successful strategies with adult cells yet found.
23 citations
,
September 2014 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This study reports that a robotic device effectively harvests hair follicles with a 95.1% yield in Korean patients undergoing hair restoration surgery.
8 citations
,
March 2014 in “Dermatologic Clinics” This article discusses surgical hair restoration for individuals with curly hair, emphasizing specific considerations and techniques required, but reports no new clinical results.
31 citations
,
November 2013 in “Dermatologic Clinics” This article discusses the use of a robotic system for hair graft harvesting in hair restoration surgery, focusing on its capabilities and the advantages and disadvantages, but it reports no new clinical findings.
211 citations
,
April 2013 in “Development” In this study, researchers found that the number of dermal papilla cells in hair follicles determines hair size and shape in mice, suggesting potential avenues for addressing hair loss.
136 citations
,
January 2013 in “International Journal of Trichology” This study found that adding microneedling to minoxidil treatment significantly improved hair growth in men with androgenetic alopecia compared to minoxidil alone across all assessed measures.
38 citations
,
December 2011 in “Journal of Dermatology” This article reviews current guidelines for managing androgenetic alopecia and highlights the need for guidelines tailored to Japan; it reports no new clinical results.
152 citations
,
October 2010 in “Archives of Dermatology” This study found that daily oral finasteride may increase hair count and improve hair appearance assessments in men with androgenetic alopecia, but it also appears to raise the risk of sexual dysfunction.
81 citations
,
September 2009 in “Birth defects research” This review discusses the mechanisms behind hair patterning during mouse embryonic development and reports no new experimental findings.
338 citations
,
July 2009 in “Development” This study demonstrates that Sox2-positive dermal papilla cells specify particular hair follicle types by showing heterogeneity in gene expression and pathway activation in these cells.
479 citations
,
January 2005 in “BioEssays” This review introduces the morphological and molecular principles of hair follicle development but reports no new experimental results, focusing on recent insights and forming a working hypothesis.
208 citations
,
December 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that dermal papilla and peribulbar dermal sheath cup cells in mice can both induce hair follicle formation, suggesting they may have similar functional roles in hair growth.
854 citations
,
February 2002 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of hair follicle formation and discusses potential future clinical applications for treating hair loss and skin tumors, but it reports no new clinical results.
180 citations
,
September 1999 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This review discusses the psychological and social impacts of androgenetic alopecia and suggests that medical treatments can have some positive psychological effects, highlighting the condition's moderate stress and impact on body image.
