Androgenetic Alopecia: Therapy Update

May 2023 in “ Drugs ”

Shivali Devjani, Ogechi Ezemma, Kristen J. Kelley, Emma Stratton, Maryanne M. Senna

From the encyclopedia

Minoxidil →

An essential vasodilator with some anti-androgenic effects

Finasteride →

Frontline, gold standard treatment for combatting androgenic alopecia

Dutasteride →

Heavy duty finasteride that comes with higher risks

Studysummary This comprehensive review analyzes androgenetic alopecia treatments, discussing the mechanisms, costs, efficacy, and safety of FDA-approved drugs like minoxidil and finasteride, as well as newer non-FDA-approved options that have shown effectiveness across various studies.

Our plain-language summary. Not medical advice or a treatment recommendation. Consult a qualified healthcare professional before changing treatment. Full disclaimer

Androgenetic Alopecia (AGA), a common form of hair loss, affects 80% of men and 50% of women by age 70. The FDA has approved two drugs for AGA: topical minoxidil and oral finoxidil. Other treatments include topical finasteride, dutasteride, oral minoxidil, spironolactone, flutamide, bicalutamide, clascoterone, pyrilutamide, and injectable treatments like botulinum A toxin and dutasteride mesotherapy. Non-drug treatments include Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) treatment, Low-Level Light Therapy (LLLT), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), microneedling, and nutritional supplements. The document concludes that more large-scale, double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized trials are needed to make informed decisions about AGA treatments.

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Research cited in this study

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research A Comprehensive Review of Microneedling as a Potential Treatment Option for Androgenetic Alopecia

2 citations , August 2022 in “Aesthetic Plastic Surgery”

research Mesotherapy With Dutasteride for Androgenetic Alopecia: A Retrospective Study in Real Clinical Practice

July 2022 in “PubMed”

This study evaluated the use of dutasteride mesotherapy for treating androgenetic alopecia in real clinical practice, finding it effective in improving hair loss for both men and women with mild side effects, primarily pain.

research A Study of Combination Unilateral Subcutaneous Botulinum Toxin A Treatment for Androgenetic Alopecia

June 2022 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology”

This study found that combining botulinum toxin A injections with finasteride and minoxidil increased hair density in patients with androgenic alopecia more effectively than finasteride and minoxidil alone.

research Photobiomodulation Therapy With Different Wavebands for Hair Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

3 citations , April 2022 in “Dermatologic Surgery”

This systematic review found that photobiomodulation therapies using ultraviolet and infrared light effectively treated alopecia areata, while red and infrared light treatments were effective for androgenetic alopecia.

research Exosome Therapy in Hair Regeneration: A Literature Review of the Evidence, Challenges, and Future Opportunities

12 citations , April 2022 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology”

This review found that while preclinical studies highlight the potential benefits of exosome therapeutics for hair loss, clinical evidence on their safety and effectiveness for alopecia is currently lacking, requiring further research.

research Platelet Rich Plasma and Its Use in Hair Regrowth: A Review

18 citations , March 2022 in “Drug design, development and therapy”

This review examines the definition, classification, mechanism, clinical efficacy for hair regrowth, and potential adverse effects of platelet rich plasma, but does not present new experimental results.

research Nutraceuticals for Androgenetic Alopecia

2 citations , March 2022 in “PubMed”

This review concludes that oral nutraceuticals like Nutrafol® and Viviscal® modestly promote hair growth in individuals with androgenetic alopecia and might be considered as supplementary treatments.

research Relative Efficacy of Minoxidil and the 5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitors in Androgenetic Alopecia Treatment of Male Patients

13 citations , February 2022 in “JAMA Dermatology”

This meta-analysis reported that 0.5 mg/d of dutasteride significantly increased total hair count at 24 weeks compared to finasteride and minoxidil in men with androgenetic alopecia.

research Natural Products for Male Androgenetic Alopecia

2 citations , January 2022 in “Dermatologic Therapy”

Natural products like saw palmetto, caffeine, melatonin, marine extracts, rosemary oil, procyanidin, pumpkin seed oil, and cannabidiol oil could potentially treat male hair loss.

research Microneedling and Its Use in Hair Loss Disorders: A Systematic Review

2 citations , December 2021 in “Dermatology and therapy”

This review reports that clinical studies generally showed favorable results for microneedling as an adjunct therapy for androgenic alopecia and alopecia areata, despite the low quality of existing data.

Hair Follicle-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Decrease Alopecia Areata Mouse Hair Loss and Reduce Inflammation Around the Hair Follicle

research Hair Follicle-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Decrease Alopecia Areata Mouse Hair Loss and Reduce Inflammation Around the Hair Follicle

11 citations , October 2021 in “Stem Cell Research & Therapy”

This study reports that hair follicle-derived mesenchymal stem cells significantly reduced hair loss and inflammation in alopecia areata models, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach.

research Efficacy and Safety of Topical Finasteride Spray Solution for Male Androgenetic Alopecia: A Phase III, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial

11 citations , October 2021 in “Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology”

This study found that topical finasteride significantly increased hair count in men with androgenetic alopecia compared to placebo while maintaining similar efficacy to oral finasteride but with lower systemic exposure and a reduced impact on serum DHT levels, potentially minimizing sexual side effects.

research Is Every Patient of Hair Loss a Candidate for Hair Transplant? Deciding Surgical Candidacy in Pattern Hair Loss

3 citations , October 2021 in “Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery”

This article identifies eight conditions that make patients unsuitable candidates for hair transplant surgery, emphasizing the importance of detailed consultations to recognize these factors, but reports no clinical results.

research Trichoscopic Findings in Androgenetic Alopecia

3 citations , January 2021 in “Medicinski arhiv”

In this study, trichoscopic examination revealed that patients with androgenetic alopecia had significantly more yellow dots, pilosebaceous units with one hair, and increased perifollicular hyperpigmentation compared to healthy controls.

A Novel Topical Combination of Minoxidil and Spironolactone for Androgenetic Alopecia: Clinical, Histopathological, and Physicochemical Study

research A Novel Topical Combination of Minoxidil and Spironolactone for Androgenetic Alopecia: Clinical, Histopathological, and Physicochemical Study

10 citations , December 2020 in “Dermatologic Therapy”

This study found that topical minoxidil 5% gel and spironolactone 1% gel were both effective treatments for androgenetic alopecia, with a combination of both providing the best clinical response and achieving 100% effectiveness among participants.

Efficacy and Safety of Oral Minoxidil 5 mg Once Daily in the Treatment of Male Patients with Androgenetic Alopecia: An Open-Label and Global Photographic Assessment

research Efficacy and Safety of Oral Minoxidil 5 mg Once Daily in the Treatment of Male Patients with Androgenetic Alopecia: An Open-Label and Global Photographic Assessment

24 citations , September 2020 in “Dermatology and therapy”

This study found that low-dose oral minoxidil 5 mg daily significantly increased hair growth in men with androgenetic alopecia over 24 weeks, with increased hair count and vertex area improvement, though most experienced hypertrichosis and some had pedal edema.

research Microneedling in Androgenetic Alopecia: Comparing Two Different Depths of Microneedles

10 citations , September 2020 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology”

In this study, microneedling with a depth of 0.6 mm, alongside minoxidil, significantly improved hair count and thickness in patients with androgenetic alopecia compared to minoxidil alone, and was more beneficial than a 1.2 mm depth.

research Efficacy and Safety of Oral Minoxidil in Female Androgenetic Alopecia

14 citations , September 2020 in “Dermatologic Therapy”

This study reported that oral minoxidil improved hair density and had an acceptable safety profile in women with androgenetic alopecia.

research Evaluation of Platelet-Rich Plasma as a Treatment for Androgenetic Alopecia: A Randomized Controlled Trial

33 citations , July 2020 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

In this study, PRP increased hair density in areas treated for androgenetic alopecia, but there was no significant difference when compared to placebo-treated areas.

research Oral Minoxidil Treatment for Hair Loss: A Review of Efficacy and Safety

59 citations , July 2020 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

This study concluded that oral minoxidil is an effective and well-tolerated alternative to topical minoxidil for healthy patients struggling with application-related compliance issues.

research The Effectiveness of Combination Therapies for Androgenetic Alopecia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

11 citations , June 2020 in “Dermatologic Therapy”

This study suggests that combination therapies including minoxidil with either finasteride, low-level laser light therapy, or microneedling are more effective than minoxidil alone for treating androgenetic alopecia.

At The Crossroads Of Two Alopecias: Androgenetic Alopecia Pattern Of Hair Regrowth In Patients With Alopecia Areata Treated With Oral Janus Kinase Inhibitors

research At The Crossroads Of Two Alopecias: Androgenetic Alopecia Pattern Of Hair Regrowth In Patients With Alopecia Areata Treated With Oral Janus Kinase Inhibitors

4 citations , April 2020 in “JAAD case reports”

This article discusses the autoimmune causes of alopecia areata and reports no new clinical results.

research The Effect of Intradermal Botulinum Toxin on Androgenetic Alopecia and Its Possible Mechanism

15 citations , April 2020 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

In this study, intradermal injection of botulinum toxin was associated with increased hair growth in men with androgenetic alopecia through the suppression of TGF-β1 secretion from dermal papilla cells.

research Efficacy of Topical Finasteride 0.5% vs 17α-Estradiol 0.05% in the Treatment of Postmenopausal Female Pattern Hair Loss: A Retrospective, Single-Blind Study of 119 Patients

4 citations , April 2020 in “Dermatology practical & conceptual”

This study reported that among postmenopausal women with female pattern hair loss, treatment with topical finasteride 0.5% and minoxidil 2% was more effective at improving hair condition than treatment with topical 17α-estradiol 0.05% and minoxidil 2%, particularly notable at 12-18 months of follow-up.

research 5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitors in Androgenetic Alopecia: Shifting Paradigms, Current Concepts, Comparative Efficacy, and Safety

19 citations , April 2020 in “Dermatologic Therapy”

This review found that dutasteride is more potent than finasteride as a dual receptor dihydrotestosterone blocker for treating androgenetic alopecia and shares a similar safety profile in terms of fertility, teratogenicity, neurotoxicity, and hepatotoxicity.

research Spironolactone for Treatment of Female Pattern Hair Loss

15 citations , April 2020 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

This article notes the lack of physician-reported outcome studies supporting the efficacy of off-label spironolactone in treating female pattern hair loss, despite its common prescription alongside FDA-approved topical minoxidil.

research Safety of Oral Bicalutamide in Female Pattern Hair Loss: A Retrospective Review of 316 Patients

16 citations , March 2020 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

This abstract discusses the efficacy of spironolactone, cyproterone acetate, and flutamide in treating female pattern hair loss, noting that flutamide use requires caution due to potential liver toxicity, especially at high doses.

Hair Transplantation by Follicular Unit Extraction for Male Androgenetic Alopecia: A Retrospective Observational Study from Two Centers

research Hair Transplantation by Follicular Unit Extraction for Male Androgenetic Alopecia: A Retrospective Observational Study from Two Centers

2 citations , March 2020 in “Medical journal, Armed Forces India”

This study found that hair transplantation using the follicular unit extraction method significantly improved hair density and patient satisfaction in males with androgenetic alopecia, especially those younger than 33 and with less severe hair loss.

research Finasteride and Its Potential for the Treatment of Female Pattern Hair Loss: Evidence to Date

32 citations , March 2020 in “Drug Design Development and Therapy”

This review examines the pharmacology, clinical efficacy, and adverse effects of oral finasteride for female pattern hair loss, and discusses potential new treatments like topical finasteride and dutasteride, but reports no new clinical results.

research Efficacy of Intralesional and Oral Dutasteride in the Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia: A Systematic Review

5 citations , January 2020 in “Skin appendage disorders”

This study found that oral dutasteride increased hair count more than intralesional administration in androgenetic alopecia, but more research is needed for a reliable comparison.

research Female Androgenetic Alopecia: An Update on Diagnosis and Management

43 citations , November 2019 in “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology”

This review discusses female androgenetic alopecia, highlighting its diagnostic challenges and management strategies, but it reports no new results.

research Oral Bicalutamide for Female Pattern Hair Loss: A Pilot Study

8 citations , October 2019 in “Dermatologic Therapy”

This source explores the potential use of oral bicalutamide for treating female pattern hair loss, but specific results or outcomes from the study are not reported in the abstract.

research Minoxidil 1 mg Oral Versus Minoxidil 5% Topical Solution for the Treatment of Female-Pattern Hair Loss: A Randomized Clinical Trial

53 citations , August 2019 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

This study observed that low-dose oral minoxidil and topical minoxidil 5% solution both improved hair density in women with female-pattern hair loss, but oral minoxidil may offer advantages in reducing hair shedding.

A Summary of In Vitro, Phase I, and Phase II Studies Evaluating the Mechanism of Action, Safety, and Efficacy of Clascoterone (Cortexolone 17a Propionate, CB-03-01) in Androgenetic Alopecia

research A Summary of In Vitro, Phase I, and Phase II Studies Evaluating the Mechanism of Action, Safety, and Efficacy of Clascoterone (Cortexolone 17a Propionate, CB-03-01) in Androgenetic Alopecia

3 citations , August 2019 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

Clascoterone safely promotes hair growth similar to minoxidil.

research The Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Hair Transplantation Satisfaction in Male Androgenetic Alopecia Patients

12 citations , December 2018 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology”

In this study, hair transplantation was found to significantly improve self-esteem and satisfaction with appearance among male androgenetic alopecia patients.

research The Role of Vitamins and Minerals in Hair Loss: A Review

134 citations , December 2018 in “Dermatology and Therapy”

This review discusses the potential role of vitamins and minerals in managing non-scarring alopecia but reports no clinical results; the authors advocate for further controlled trials to explore these relationships.

Efficacy of Topical Combination of 0.25% Finasteride and 3% Minoxidil Versus 3% Minoxidil Solution in Female Pattern Hair Loss: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Study

research Efficacy of Topical Combination of 0.25% Finasteride and 3% Minoxidil Versus 3% Minoxidil Solution in Female Pattern Hair Loss: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Study

36 citations , September 2018 in “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology”

This study found that a topical combination of 0.25% finasteride and 3% minoxidil may increase hair diameter more effectively than 3% minoxidil alone in postmenopausal women with female pattern hair loss.

A Randomized, Double-Blind Controlled Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Topical Solution of 0.25% Finasteride Admixed with 3% Minoxidil vs. 3% Minoxidil Solution in the Treatment of Male Androgenetic Alopecia

research A Randomized, Double-Blind Controlled Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Topical Solution of 0.25% Finasteride Admixed with 3% Minoxidil vs. 3% Minoxidil Solution in the Treatment of Male Androgenetic Alopecia

43 citations , July 2018 in “Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology”

This study found that a topical solution combining 0.25% finasteride with 3% minoxidil significantly improved hair growth, as measured by hair density, diameter, and global assessment, in men with androgenetic alopecia, compared to 3% minoxidil alone, over 24 weeks without systemic adverse effects reported.

A Pilot Split-Scalp Study of Combined Fractional Radiofrequency Microneedling and 5% Topical Minoxidil in Treating Male Pattern Hair Loss

research A Pilot Split-Scalp Study of Combined Fractional Radiofrequency Microneedling and 5% Topical Minoxidil in Treating Male Pattern Hair Loss

25 citations , June 2018 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology”

This study found that combining fractional radiofrequency microneedling with 5% topical minoxidil improved hair count and thickness more than minoxidil alone in Chinese men with male pattern hair loss.

research A Six-Month, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of a Nutraceutical Supplement for Promoting Hair Growth in Women With Self-Perceived Thinning Hair

40 citations , May 2018 in “PubMed”

In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, daily use of the Nutrafol® Women's Capsules nutraceutical significantly increased the number of terminal and vellus hairs and improved hair quality in women with self-perceived thinning over six months, without any reported adverse events.

research A Randomized Controlled, Single-Observer Blinded Study to Determine the Efficacy of Topical Minoxidil Plus Microneedling Versus Topical Minoxidil Alone in the Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia

24 citations , January 2018 in “Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery”

This study found that combining microneedling with topical minoxidil was more effective than minoxidil alone in increasing hair count and improving patient satisfaction for men with androgenetic alopecia, though the cosmetic impact was not significant.

research The Effectiveness of Adding Low-Level Light Therapy to Minoxidil 5% Solution in the Treatment of Patients with Androgenetic Alopecia

14 citations , January 2018 in “Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology”

In this study, adding low-level light therapy to minoxidil significantly improved hair regrowth and patient satisfaction in treating androgenetic alopecia compared to minoxidil alone.

research Low-Level Laser Therapy for the Treatment of Androgenic Alopecia: A Review

41 citations , December 2017 in “Lasers in Medical Science”

This study found that low-level laser therapy may significantly improve androgenic alopecia in both men and women, either alone or alongside treatments like minoxidil and finasteride.

research Female Pattern Hair Loss: A Pilot Study Investigating Combination Therapy with Low-Dose Oral Minoxidil and Spironolactone

80 citations , December 2017 in “International Journal of Dermatology”

This study reported that once-daily treatment with oral minoxidil and spironolactone for 12 months reduced hair loss severity and hair shedding in women with pattern hair loss, with generally mild side effects, though results came from an uncontrolled, observational pilot study.

Extracellular Vesicles Derived from MSCs Activate Dermal Papilla Cells In Vitro and Promote Hair Follicle Conversion from Telogen to Anagen in Mice

research Extracellular Vesicles Derived from MSCs Activate Dermal Papilla Cells In Vitro and Promote Hair Follicle Conversion from Telogen to Anagen in Mice

113 citations , November 2017 in “Scientific Reports”

This study found that treatment with mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles enhanced hair growth in mice and stimulated dermal papilla cell activity and growth factor production in vitro.

Randomized Trial of Electrodynamic Microneedle Combined with 5% Minoxidil Topical Solution for the Treatment of Chinese Male Androgenetic Alopecia

research Randomized Trial of Electrodynamic Microneedle Combined with 5% Minoxidil Topical Solution for the Treatment of Chinese Male Androgenetic Alopecia

28 citations , October 2017 in “Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy”

This study found that combining microneedle treatments with 5% minoxidil topical solution led to the greatest increase in hair density among Chinese men with androgenetic alopecia.

research Growing Evidence of the Beneficial Effects of a Marine Protein-Based Dietary Supplement for Treating Hair Loss

5 citations , September 2017 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology”

This review of clinical data found that an oral marine supplement increased hair growth and thickness while reducing hair loss in women and men with thinning hair, suggesting it is a safe and effective treatment.

research Hair Loss: Common Causes and Treatment

35 citations , September 2017 in “PubMed”

This article reviews different types of alopecia, their diagnosis, and treatment options available in a family physician's practice, but it reports no new research findings.

research Effectiveness of Platelet-Rich Plasma for Androgenetic Alopecia: A Review of the Literature

53 citations , June 2017 in “Skin appendage disorders”

This review suggests that platelet-rich plasma may be effective in increasing hair density in patients with androgenetic alopecia, but more research is needed to determine the best treatment protocol.

Low-Level Light and Minoxidil 5% Combination Versus Either Modality Alone in Management of Female Patterned Hair Loss: A Randomized Controlled Study

research Low-Level Light and Minoxidil 5% Combination Versus Either Modality Alone in Management of Female Patterned Hair Loss: A Randomized Controlled Study

34 citations , May 2017 in “Lasers in Surgery and Medicine”

This study found that combining low-level light therapy with topical minoxidil 5% may lead to better hair regrowth and patient satisfaction in treating female pattern hair loss compared to using each treatment alone.

research Minoxidil Dose Response Study in Female Pattern Hair Loss Patients Determined to Be Non-Responders to 5% Topical Minoxidil

4 citations , March 2017 in “PubMed”

This study found that a 15% topical minoxidil solution improved hair regrowth in 60% of women with female pattern hair loss who did not respond to the standard 5% solution, without adverse effects.

research Diet and Hair Loss: Effects of Nutrient Deficiency and Supplement Use

79 citations , January 2017 in “Dermatology practical & conceptual”

This article addresses the need to screen for nutrient deficiencies in patients with hair loss but reports no new findings, noting that supplementation without deficiency may not be beneficial and could pose risks.

An Open-Label Randomized Multicenter Study Assessing the Noninferiority of a Caffeine-Based Topical Liquid 0.2% Versus Minoxidil 5% Solution in Male Androgenetic Alopecia

research An Open-Label Randomized Multicenter Study Assessing the Noninferiority of a Caffeine-Based Topical Liquid 0.2% Versus Minoxidil 5% Solution in Male Androgenetic Alopecia

21 citations , January 2017 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology”

In this noninferiority study, researchers found that a 0.2% caffeine-based topical liquid was not less effective than 5% minoxidil solution in improving hair growth in men with androgenetic alopecia over six months.

research A Critical Assessment of the Evidence for Low-Level Laser Therapy in the Treatment of Hair Loss

32 citations , September 2016 in “Dermatologic Surgery”

This review discusses the current evidence and highlights gaps in research needed for the wider acceptance of low-level laser therapy as a treatment for hair loss; no new clinical results are provided.

research Androgenetic Alopecia: An Update Of Treatment Options

110 citations , August 2016 in “Drugs”

Minoxidil is the only FDA-approved topical drug for treating male or female pattern hair loss, and other medications like finasteride and dutasteride can also increase hair growth.

A 6-Month, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study Evaluating the Ability of a Marine Complex Supplement to Promote Hair Growth in Men with Thinning Hair

research A 6-Month, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study Evaluating the Ability of a Marine Complex Supplement to Promote Hair Growth in Men with Thinning Hair

25 citations , August 2016 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology”

This study found that a marine complex supplement significantly reduced hair shedding and increased hair growth in men with thinning hair over 180 days.

research Guidelines on the Use of Finasteride in Androgenetic Alopecia

33 citations , January 2016 in “Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology”

This review discusses the use of finasteride for androgenetic alopecia and highlights that while it is considered safe, there is concern regarding its sexual side effects, which reverse upon discontinuation.

research 5% Minoxidil: Treatment for Female Pattern Hair Loss

8 citations , October 2015 in “PubMed”

Recent Phase III trials reported that once daily 5% minoxidil foam significantly increased hair count in women with female pattern hair loss and was shown to be as effective as twice daily 2% minoxidil solution.

Combined Treatment with Oral Finasteride and Topical Minoxidil in Male Androgenetic Alopecia: A Randomized and Comparative Study in Chinese Patients

research Combined Treatment with Oral Finasteride and Topical Minoxidil in Male Androgenetic Alopecia: A Randomized and Comparative Study in Chinese Patients

32 citations , June 2015 in “Dermatologic Therapy”

In this study, finasteride was found to be more effective than 5% minoxidil for treating male androgenetic alopecia in Chinese patients, with combination therapy showing the greatest improvement.

research Response to Microneedling Treatment in Men with Androgenetic Alopecia Who Failed to Respond to Conventional Therapy

68 citations , May 2015 in “Indian Journal of Dermatology”

This case series found that adding microneedling to conventional finasteride and minoxidil therapy for androgenetic alopecia improved new hair growth and patient satisfaction in poor responders.

research Rosemary Oil vs Minoxidil 2% for the Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia: A Randomized Comparative Trial

10 citations , April 2015 in “PubMed”

This study found that rosemary oil and minoxidil 2% both increased hair count equally in patients with androgenetic alopecia after 6 months, with more scalp itching seen in the minoxidil group.

research Telogen Effluvium: A Review

70 citations , January 2015 in “Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research”

This review discusses the various triggers and diagnostic challenges in determining the cause of telogen effluvium-related hair loss, without providing new clinical results.

research Alopecia Areata Is Driven by Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes and Is Reversed by JAK Inhibition

701 citations , August 2014 in “Nature medicine”

This study found that JAK inhibitors promote hair regrowth in both mice and human alopecia areata cases by blocking key immune pathways involved in disease development.

Differential Effects of Caffeine on Hair Shaft Elongation, Matrix and Outer Root Sheath Keratinocyte Proliferation, and Transforming Growth Factor-β2/Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1-Mediated Regulation of the Hair Cycle in Male and Female Human Hair Follicles In Vitro

research Differential Effects of Caffeine on Hair Shaft Elongation, Matrix and Outer Root Sheath Keratinocyte Proliferation, and Transforming Growth Factor-β2/Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1-Mediated Regulation of the Hair Cycle in Male and Female Human Hair Follicles In Vitro

60 citations , May 2014 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

This study found that caffeine enhanced hair growth and keratinocyte proliferation in human hair follicles, with female follicles showing greater sensitivity than male ones.

research Androgenetic Alopecia

18 citations , February 2014 in “PubMed”

This article reviews current diagnostic and treatment approaches for androgenetic alopecia but reports no new results, focusing on its progression and medical management options.

Efficacy and Safety of a Low-Level Laser Device in the Treatment of Male and Female Pattern Hair Loss: A Multicenter, Randomized, Sham Device-Controlled, Double-Blind Study

research Efficacy and Safety of a Low-Level Laser Device in the Treatment of Male and Female Pattern Hair Loss: A Multicenter, Randomized, Sham Device-Controlled, Double-Blind Study

147 citations , January 2014 in “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology”

This study found that low-level laser treatment with the HairMax Lasercomb significantly increased terminal hair density in both men and women with pattern hair loss, with no serious adverse events reported.

research Effect of Pumpkin Seed Oil on Hair Growth in Men with Androgenetic Alopecia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

36 citations , January 2014 in “Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine”

This study found that men with androgenetic alopecia treated with pumpkin seed oil for 24 weeks experienced a notable 40% increase in hair count compared to a 10% increase with a placebo.

research Use of Low-Level Laser Therapy as Monotherapy or Concomitant Therapy for Male and Female Androgenetic Alopecia

45 citations , January 2014 in “International Journal of Trichology”

This study found that low-level laser therapy may improve hair growth in patients with androgenetic alopecia, either as a standalone treatment or combined with minoxidil or finasteride, without reported adverse reactions.

research Organic Causes of Erectile Dysfunction in Men Under 40

2152 citations , November 2013 in “Urologia Internationalis”

This study reviews the significant prevalence of organic etiologies, especially vascular causes, in erectile dysfunction among men under 40 and emphasizes thorough evaluation and consideration of treatment options like exercise and PDE-5 inhibitors.

research New Investigational Drugs for Androgenetic Alopecia

48 citations , April 2013 in “Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs”

This article reviews emerging treatments for androgenetic alopecia, including topical 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors and prostaglandin modulators, but reports no clinical results and calls for further efficacy evidence, especially for PRP.

research Low-Level Light Therapy for Androgenetic Alopecia: A 24-Week, Randomized, Double-Blind, Sham Device-Controlled Multicenter Trial

106 citations , April 2013 in “Dermatologic Surgery”

This study found that low-level light therapy significantly increased hair density and diameter in androgenetic alopecia patients compared to a sham device, suggesting it could be an effective treatment option.

research A Randomized Evaluator Blinded Study of Effect of Microneedling in Androgenetic Alopecia: A Pilot Study

136 citations , January 2013 in “International Journal of Trichology”

This study found that adding microneedling to minoxidil treatment significantly improved hair growth in men with androgenetic alopecia compared to minoxidil alone across all assessed measures.

research Utilizing Electromagnetic Radiation for Hair Growth

12 citations , October 2012 in “Dermatologic Clinics”

This review discusses the use of electromagnetic radiation, including low-level laser therapy, for hair loss management, but it reports no new clinical results and suggests further research.

research Hair: What Is New in Diagnosis and Management?

46 citations , October 2012 in “Dermatologic Clinics”

This review discusses treatment options for female pattern hair loss, emphasizing the importance of early intervention and the benefits of combined therapies, but reports no new clinical results.

research Comparative Effectiveness of Finasteride vs Serenoa Repens in Male Androgenetic Alopecia: A Two-Year Study

51 citations , October 2012 in “International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology”

In this study, 68% of patients treated with finasteride showed improved hair growth in male androgenetic alopecia, compared to 38% with Serenoa repens, indicating finasteride's superior efficacy.

Efficacy and Safety of 3% Minoxidil Versus Combined 3% Minoxidil / 0.1% Finasteride in Male Pattern Hair Loss: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Comparative Study

research Efficacy and Safety of 3% Minoxidil Versus Combined 3% Minoxidil / 0.1% Finasteride in Male Pattern Hair Loss: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Comparative Study

6 citations , October 2012 in “PubMed”

This study found that while the combination therapy of 3% minoxidil and 0.1% finasteride lotion showed greater improvement in global photographic assessments for androgenetic alopecia, hair counts did not differ significantly from minoxidil alone.

research Depressive Symptoms and Suicidal Thoughts Among Former Users of Finasteride With Persistent Sexual Side Effects

134 citations , August 2012 in “The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry”

This study found that former finasteride users with persistent sexual side effects reported significantly higher rates of depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts compared to controls.

research Prostaglandin D2 Inhibits Hair Growth and Is Elevated in Bald Scalp of Men with Androgenetic Alopecia

205 citations , March 2012 in “Science Translational Medicine”

PGD2 stops hair growth and is higher in bald men with AGA.

research No Improvement in Male-Pattern Hair Loss Using Laser Hair-Comb Therapy: A 6-Month, Half-Head, Assessor-Blinded Investigation in Two Men

13 citations , October 2011 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology”

This study found no improvement in male-pattern hair loss after six months of using laser hair-comb therapy in two men.

research Evidence-Based Guideline for the Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia in Women and Men

198 citations , October 2011 in “Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft”

This article discusses the development of an evidence-based guideline for treating androgenetic alopecia and reports no new research results.

A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study to Assess the Efficacy of a 24-Week Topical Treatment by Latanoprost 0.1% on Hair Growth and Pigmentation in Healthy Volunteers with Androgenetic Alopecia

research A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study to Assess the Efficacy of a 24-Week Topical Treatment by Latanoprost 0.1% on Hair Growth and Pigmentation in Healthy Volunteers with Androgenetic Alopecia

81 citations , August 2011 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

In this study, latanoprost significantly increased hair density in young men with mild androgenetic alopecia after 24 weeks, suggesting it may stimulate hair follicle activity and treat hair loss.

research Alopecia: Evaluation and Treatment

76 citations , July 2011 in “Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology”

This review discusses clinical methods for diagnosing alopecia and examines current treatments for both cicatricial and noncicatricial forms but provides no new clinical results.

research Finasteride, 1 Mg Daily Administration on Male Androgenetic Alopecia in Different Age Groups: 10-Year Follow-Up

44 citations , July 2011 in “Dermatologic Therapy”

This study found that finasteride 1 mg was effective in improving androgenetic alopecia over 10 years in men, particularly those older than 30, with some reporting beneficial results even after 5 years.

research Prospective Cohort Study on the Effects and Tolerability of Flutamide in Patients with Female Pattern Hair Loss

42 citations , April 2011 in “Annals of Pharmacotherapy”

This study found that long-term flutamide treatment reduced hair loss in women with female pattern hair loss, but liver-related dropouts were minimized at a very low dose of 62.5 mg/day.

research Persistent Sexual Side Effects of Finasteride for Male Pattern Hair Loss

185 citations , March 2011 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine”

This study found that 94% of healthy men reported low libido and 92% reported erectile dysfunction as persistent sexual side effects after using finasteride for male pattern hair loss, with these effects lasting on average 40 months post-discontinuation.

research Treatment of Female Pattern Hair Loss with the Androgen Receptor Antagonist Flutamide

30 citations , March 2011 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology”

This case report found that a woman's hair loss, which progressed while using spironolactone and topical minoxidil, reversed after switching to flutamide therapy.

Therapeutic Hotline: Treatment of Androgenic Alopecia with Finasteride May Result in High-Grade Prostate Cancer in Patients: Fact or Fiction?

research Therapeutic Hotline: Treatment of Androgenic Alopecia with Finasteride May Result in High-Grade Prostate Cancer in Patients: Fact or Fiction?

9 citations , September 2010 in “Dermatologic Therapy”

This article concludes that finasteride is a safe treatment for androgenetic alopecia and does not increase the risk of high-grade prostate cancer, despite past concerns from the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial.

Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Dutasteride 0.5 mg Once Daily in Male Patients with Male Pattern Hair Loss: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase III Study

research Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Dutasteride 0.5 mg Once Daily in Male Patients with Male Pattern Hair Loss: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase III Study

92 citations , June 2010 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

This study found that 0.5 mg of dutasteride significantly improved hair growth compared to placebo and was well tolerated over six months in men with male pattern hair loss.

research Innovative Use of Spironolactone as an Antiandrogen in the Treatment of Female Pattern Hair Loss

53 citations , May 2010 in “PubMed”

This paper discusses spironolactone as a potential off-label treatment for female pattern hair loss, noting its ability to halt hair loss progression and induce partial regrowth in a significant number of women but reports no new clinical results.

research Successful Treatment of Female-Pattern Hair Loss with Spironolactone in a 9-Year-Old Girl

26 citations , April 2009 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology”

In this study, a 9-year-old girl with female pattern hair loss showed clinical improvement and hair regrowth after six months of daily oral spironolactone.

research HairMax LaserComb Laser Phototherapy Device in the Treatment of Male Androgenetic Alopecia

160 citations , January 2009 in “Clinical Drug Investigation”

This study found that the HairMax LaserComb® significantly increased hair density and was safe and well tolerated for treating androgenetic alopecia in men compared to a sham device.

Long-Term Treatment with Finasteride 1 mg Decreases the Likelihood of Developing Further Visible Hair Loss in Men with Androgenetic Alopecia

research Long-Term Treatment with Finasteride 1 mg Decreases the Likelihood of Developing Further Visible Hair Loss in Men with Androgenetic Alopecia

20 citations , December 2008 in “PubMed”

In this study, treatment with finasteride 1 mg/day for five years significantly reduced the likelihood of further visible hair loss in men with androgenetic alopecia compared to placebo.

research Effect of Caffeine and Testosterone on the Proliferation of Human Hair Follicles In Vitro

114 citations , January 2007 in “International Journal of Dermatology”

This study found that caffeine can stimulate hair growth in vitro and counteract testosterone-induced growth suppression in hair follicles from male AGA patients.

research Dietary Supplement Increases Anagen Hair Rate in Women With Telogen Effluvium: Results of a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

47 citations , December 2006 in “Therapy”

This study found that a dietary supplement containing L-cystine, medicinal yeast, and pantothenic acid significantly improved hair growth in women with telogen effluvium over six months compared to placebo.

The Importance of Dual 5α-Reductase Inhibition in the Treatment of Male Pattern Hair Loss: Results of a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study of Dutasteride Versus Finasteride

research The Importance of Dual 5α-Reductase Inhibition in the Treatment of Male Pattern Hair Loss: Results of a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study of Dutasteride Versus Finasteride

215 citations , November 2006 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

This study found that dutasteride increased scalp hair growth in men with male pattern hair loss, particularly at a 2.5 mg dose, and was more effective than finasteride over 24 weeks.

research Treatment of Female Pattern Hair Loss With Oral Antiandrogens

179 citations , March 2005 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

This study found that 88% of women with female pattern hair loss who received oral antiandrogens saw no progression or improvement in their condition.

research Marked Suppression of Dihydrotestosterone in Men with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia by Dutasteride, a Dual 5α-Reductase Inhibitor

408 citations , May 2004 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism”

This study found that dutasteride more effectively reduced serum dihydrotestosterone levels than finasteride in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

research Minoxidil: Mechanisms of Action on Hair Growth

397 citations , February 2004 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

This article reviews the mechanisms by which minoxidil stimulates hair growth and reports no new clinical findings.

research An Open, Randomized, Comparative Study of Oral Finasteride and 5% Topical Minoxidil in Male Androgenetic Alopecia

71 citations , January 2004 in “Dermatology”

This study found that oral finasteride was more effective than 5% topical minoxidil in treating mild to severe androgenetic alopecia in males, with both treatments deemed effective and safe over 12 months.

research Androgenetic Alopecia in Women

139 citations , June 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings”

This article reviews androgenetic alopecia in women, highlighting diagnosis criteria and noting that topical minoxidil is currently the only proven treatment for hair growth; it reports no clinical trial findings.

research Treatment of Hyperandrogenic Alopecia in Women

108 citations , January 2003 in “Fertility and Sterility”

This study found that flutamide at 250 mg daily modestly improved hair thinning in premenopausal women with hyperandrogenic alopecia over one year, while cyproterone acetate and finasteride were not effective.

A Randomized Clinical Trial of 5% Topical Minoxidil Versus 2% Topical Minoxidil and Placebo in the Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia in Men

research A Randomized Clinical Trial of 5% Topical Minoxidil Versus 2% Topical Minoxidil and Placebo in the Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia in Men

269 citations , August 2002 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

This study found that 5% topical minoxidil significantly increased hair regrowth and improved psychosocial perceptions of hair loss in men with androgenetic alopecia compared to 2% topical minoxidil and placebo over 48 weeks.

research Comparative Efficacy of Various Treatment Regimens for Androgenetic Alopecia in Men

80 citations , August 2002 in “Journal of Dermatology”

This study found that combining oral finasteride with topical minoxidil resulted in the greatest improvement in hair growth for male patients with androgenetic alopecia, compared to using any single treatment.

research Effects of Minoxidil 2% vs. Cyproterone Acetate Treatment on Female Androgenetic Alopecia: A Controlled, 12-Month Randomized Trial

149 citations , June 2002 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

Minoxidil works better for female hair loss, but cyproterone reduces scalp oiliness and causes menstrual issues.

A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Determine the Effectiveness of Botanically Derived Inhibitors of 5-Alpha-Reductase in the Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia

research A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Determine the Effectiveness of Botanically Derived Inhibitors of 5-Alpha-Reductase in the Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia

68 citations , April 2002 in “Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine”

This study suggests that botanical 5AR inhibitors like Serenoa repens and β-sitosterol may improve symptoms of androgenetic alopecia, with 60% of treated subjects showing improvement compared to placebo.

research A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Determine the Effectiveness of Botanically Derived Inhibitors of 5-Alpha-Reductase in the Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia

65 citations , April 2002 in “Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine”

This study found that 60% of men with mild to moderate androgenetic alopecia showed improvement after treatment with botanically derived 5AR inhibitors, suggesting these compounds may be effective, though larger trials are needed.

research Topical Finasteride in the Treatment of Androgenic Alopecia: Preliminary Evaluations After a 16-Month Therapy Course

30 citations , January 1997 in “Journal of Dermatological Treatment”

This study reported that a 0.005% finasteride solution may encourage hair regrowth and reduce balding areas in patients with androgenic alopecia, without significant absorption or adverse effects.

research The Effect of Cyproterone Acetate on Hair Roots and Hair Shaft Diameter in Androgenetic Alopecia in Females

16 citations , January 1989 in “Springer eBooks”

Cyproterone acetate effectively treats female hair loss by increasing healthy hair and decreasing unhealthy hair, but doesn't change hair thickness.