Innovative Strategies for the Discovery of New Drugs Against Androgenetic Alopecia

This study found that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) promoted hair regeneration in androgenetic alopecia model mice by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling, enhancing hair follicle stem cell proliferation, and reducing dermal papilla cell apoptosis.

In this study, patients with androgenetic alopecia experiencing stress had higher cortisol levels and altered neurotrophic factors compared to non-stressed patients, which correlated with more severe hair loss progression even after minoxidil treatment.

This review discusses the current state of alopecia areata treatments, noting that while recent advances such as Janus Kinase inhibitors show promise, persistent challenges like limited efficacy, safety concerns, and patient compliance highlight the need for innovative drug discovery and development strategies.

This study examined hair follicles from 14 Caucasian males and found that catagen-phase follicles were more prevalent (7.5%) than previously reported, challenging the established view that telogen-phase follicles are more common.

This abstract discusses finasteride and dutasteride's mechanisms in treating androgenetic alopecia and notes FDA approval for finasteride, but reports no new clinical results.

This review discusses the potential of therapeutic antibodies as an alternative treatment for androgenetic alopecia, highlighting the initial development stages and the need for further validation and optimization of targets like the prolactin receptor and Interleukin-6 receptor.

This review concludes that low-level laser therapy is the most supported physical treatment for androgenetic alopecia, but other therapies like nonablative laser treatments and combinations including PEMF may also be promising.

In this study, a mixed-methods survey of 357 balding men revealed that baldness is structurally stigmatized, with many participants experiencing distress and using treatments to combat it; others resisted stigma and expressed minimal distress.

This review discusses the increasing prevalence of alopecia in younger populations and outlines the need for better understanding its pathogenesis to develop effective treatments. It also examines current FDA-approved drugs and emerging small molecule compounds with potential anti-alopecia effects.

This study examined trichoscopic findings in androgenetic alopecia, reporting that hair diameter variability, vellus hairs, and the peripilar sign are valuable indicators for diagnosing this condition.

This article provides a detailed analysis of exosome therapy as a novel treatment for hair loss, discussing its potential benefits, limitations, and the importance of standardized research reporting as human research remains limited.

This systematic review found that both cellular and acellular stem cell-based therapies are safe and able to improve hair regeneration and density in patients with androgenic alopecia, although some results may be temporary.

This research highlights that various environmental pollutants, including particulate matter, tobacco smoke, and heavy metals, can significantly affect hair follicle health, linking them to conditions like alopecia areata and androgenetic alopecia, underscoring the need for further study in this area.

This review highlights the potential of exosomes, particularly their microRNA components, as promising candidates for developing effective hair loss treatments by exploring their roles in hair follicle development and regeneration.

Minoxidil and platelet-rich plasma can help turn thin hair into thicker hair in male pattern baldness.

This study found that finasteride and minoxidil act as hormone disruptors in mice, with finasteride having a more significant association with reproductive injuries, such as damage to the epididymis and reduced semen volume.

This study used non-invasive imaging techniques to assess hair follicle characteristics in AGA mice, revealing delayed hair shaft alternation and growth stages, as well as testosterone-induced follicle miniaturization, offering potential methods for evaluating AGA on human scalps in vivo.

This study reviewed early research on topical finasteride for androgenetic alopecia, finding it appears safe and promising, though further investigation is needed to determine optimal dosing, frequency, and potential applications for other types of alopecia.

In this study reviewing recent literature, researchers found limited high-quality evidence supporting the use of adipose-derived stem cells for androgenic alopecia and alopecia areata, suggesting a need for further randomized controlled trials to better assess their efficacy.

This source highlights new developments in treating androgenetic alopecia, including low-dose oral minoxidil and advancements in photobiomodulation, platelet-rich plasma, and hair transplantation techniques, providing clinicians with more options.

This review outlines the potential of using human pluripotent stem cells for hair follicle bioengineering, detailing current HF morphogenesis and cycling knowledge, various cell sources, and strategies using iPSCs, while discussing the challenges and prospects for therapeutic use in addressing hair loss.

This comprehensive review analyzes androgenetic alopecia treatments, discussing the mechanisms, costs, efficacy, and safety of FDA-approved drugs like minoxidil and finasteride, as well as newer non-FDA-approved options that have shown effectiveness across various studies.

This review examines the efficacy of various novel treatments for androgenetic alopecia, including oral minoxidil and platelet-rich plasma, suggesting potential benefits but emphasizing the need for further high-quality clinical trials to thoroughly evaluate their effectiveness.

This review discusses the current status of genetic research on male-pattern hair loss and reports no new findings, outlining significant achievements and future challenges in understanding its biology and treatment.

This systematic review concluded that 5 mg of oral finasteride per day could be an effective and safe treatment for female pattern hair loss in normoandrogenic women, particularly when combined with other medications.

This study reported that a curcumin-zinc microneedle patch improved hair regrowth and wound healing in animal models, suggesting potential as a versatile treatment for hair loss.

This review discusses regenerative medicine approaches for treating alopecia, including mesenchymal stem cell therapies and platelet-rich plasma, but reports no new clinical results, emphasizing the need for further study.

This article explores how adult mammals can regenerate hair follicles after wounding and suggests that manipulating cell signals during healing might enhance this process, but provides no new experimental results.

This study characterized the incidence of hair loss patterns among men of different races, highlighting a lack of direct racial comparisons in previous research.

Minoxidil solution and foam both increase hair growth, but the solution works better than the foam.

This review describes various in vitro and ex vivo hair follicle models used to study hair growth and regeneration and explores their potential for developing hair loss treatments, but it does not report new results.

This article discusses hormonal mechanisms underlying androgenetic alopecia but does not report any new findings; it reviews the roles of dihydrotestosterone and available FDA-approved treatments.

This study found that topical finasteride significantly increased hair count in men with androgenetic alopecia compared to placebo while maintaining similar efficacy to oral finasteride but with lower systemic exposure and a reduced impact on serum DHT levels, potentially minimizing sexual side effects.

This study found that oral setipiprant was safe but did not improve scalp hair growth compared to placebo in men with androgenetic alopecia.

This study found that androgenetic alopecia is significantly associated with moderate impairment of health-related quality of life and emotions, but not with depressive symptoms.

This review explains the evolution and current techniques of follicular unit transplantation for hair restoration, identifying conditions suitable for surgery and offering guidelines for dermatologists to assess candidate suitability, focusing on male and female pattern hair loss.

This study using a humanized mouse model of androgenetic alopecia suggests that platelet-rich plasma may promote hair regrowth and improve hair characteristics in vivo.

This review evaluates laboratory models used in androgenetic alopecia research but reports no new findings, emphasizing the potential of human-derived 3-D models for future studies.

This study found that activating CB1 receptor signaling in human hair follicles increased stem cell proliferation while reducing differentiated cell survival, suggesting CB1's role as a survival stimulus for epithelial stem cells.

This review discusses recent advancements in generating appendage-bearing skin organoids from pluripotent stem cells and their potential applications in dermatological research, but reports no new clinical results.

This study found that dihydrotestosterone induced hair loss and changes in hair morphology in male C57BL/6 mice, effects that could be partially reversed by the AR antagonist bicalutamide.

This study demonstrates that dermal white adipose tissue regulates human hair growth and pigmentation through hepatocyte growth factor secretion, highlighting potential therapeutic targets for hair-related disorders.

This study suggests that interfollicular epidermal keratinocytes with stem-like features may serve as an alternative to follicular keratinocytes for hair regeneration by supporting hair follicle morphogenesis in vivo.

This study developed a new human hair research model combining 3D spheroid dermal papilla fibroblasts with plucked anagen hair shafts, potentially improving the evaluation of hair follicle differentiation.

This paper discusses the multipotency of cyst cells and proposes that understanding molecular circuits in cyst formation could enable engineering of desired stem cell culture phenotypes, but reports no new experimental outcomes.

This guideline summarizes evidence-based and expert-based recommendations for treating androgenetic alopecia, adapted by an Italian expert group in alignment with Italian pharmacological policies.

This study found that the trichogenicity of cultured human outer root sheath follicular keratinocytes decreased with longer cultivation periods and was significantly influenced by the expression of the transcription factor FOXA2.

This study reports that using activated platelet-rich plasma releasate in the preparation of bioengineered hair follicle germs enhanced follicular gene expression and significantly improved hair regeneration in vitro.

Scientists created human skin with hair from stem cells, which could help treat hair loss and skin conditions.

This correspondence discusses clascoterone as a potential new treatment for androgenetic alopecia but reports no clinical results.

This pilot clinical trial suggests that platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treatment may increase hair density in patients with androgenetic alopecia, though outcomes varied between patients.

This study describes a protocol for generating hair follicle germ-like organoids from human skin cells, which may aid in alopecia drug discovery and understanding hair follicle regeneration.

This study found that their system effectively supports the rapid formation of human hair follicle organoids, providing a platform for studying hair regeneration and drug screening.

This review discusses female androgenetic alopecia, highlighting its diagnostic challenges and management strategies, but it reports no new results.

This study found that a novel peptide, FOL-005, derived from osteopontin, significantly inhibited hair growth in human hair follicles both ex vivo and in vivo, suggesting potential as a treatment for unwanted hair growth.

This study found that negative social attractiveness ratings for bald men by same-aged women occurred only when individuating information about the target was absent, while the physical attractiveness stereotype remained active at an implicit level.

This study found that 3D cultured hair follicle-like constructs, which include keratinocytes and dermal papilla cells, showed improved gene expression and cell interactions relevant to hair follicle development.

This study found that Wnt signalling agonists increase and antagonists decrease in human scalp follicles from telogen to early-anagen, with differences from the mouse model suggesting targeted interventions for hair growth disorders.

This study demonstrated that combining the Wnt/β-catenin activator CHIR99021 with 3D spheroid culture effectively enriched hair follicle formation in reconstituted human skin.

This study developed a method for generating germ-like tissues called bbHFGs, which efficiently promoted hair follicle formation in mice, potentially advancing hair regenerative medicine applications.

This study found that ultraviolet radiation negatively affects hair follicle functions in human scalp skin, and caffeine application may provide some protective effects against this damage.

This study observed that androgenetic alopecia significantly impacts the quality of life in males, with personal relationships being notably affected, based on Dermatology Life Quality Index and hair-specific Skindex-29 assessments.

This study suggests that co-culturing human outer root sheath cells with human dermal papilla cells can restore their ability to induce hair growth by altering gene expression through paracrine signaling.

This review discusses the use of Dermal Papilla cells as in vitro models for studying hair growth modulators, emphasizing their role in aiding the development of new hair treatments, but reports no new clinical results.

This study found that using 3D dermal papilla spheroid models enhances extracellular matrix production and hair follicle marker expression, providing insights into hair follicle biology and potential for drug screening.

This article updates Japanese guidelines for diagnosing and treating male and female-pattern hair loss, recommending specific drugs and therapies while advising against certain treatments for female-pattern hair loss.

This review discusses the historical development and current challenges in in vitro hair follicle culture, highlighting a need for advanced models using cell lines and tissue engineering, and reports no new results.

This study found that methylene blue staining helped identify late catagen and telogen hair follicles more accurately than unstained follicles, which suggests that established telogen percentage standards may be overestimated.

This study observed that dermal papilla cell aggregates showed increased viability and gene expression on softer 3D substrates, indicating the importance of substrate stiffness in cellular behavior.

This study observed that nicotinamide can effectively inhibit human hair growth and promote hair follicle regression in cultured human scalp models without negatively affecting epidermal vitality, suggesting its potential as a hair growth inhibitor in cosmetic applications.

This study found that women with female pattern hair loss had increased 5α-reductase isozymes and decreased aromatase mRNA levels, potentially affecting their response to treatment.

This guideline review by the European Dermatology Forum evaluates current treatments for androgenetic alopecia but reports no new research findings, aiming to assist dermatologists in selecting safe and effective therapies.

This study demonstrated a method for large-scale preparation of self-sorted hair follicle germs in vitro, which successfully generated hair follicles when transplanted into the skin of nude mice.

This study found that prostaglandin D2 reduced proliferation in bulge resident K15+ stem cells but not in other K15+ progenitor cells, suggesting differential impacts on hair follicle stem cell niches.

This review discusses the molecular mechanisms of androgens and androgen receptors in skin disorders, particularly androgenetic alopecia, and reports no new clinical results; it highlights potential areas for future treatment development.

This review discusses current and emerging therapeutic strategies for androgenetic alopecia, noting limited evidence but suggesting areas such as prostaglandin analogs, PRP, and progenitor cell therapies as promising future directions.

This article details laboratory methods for isolating and culturing human dermal papilla cells but provides no new experimental results.

This study found that while extracellular matrix components like hyaluronic acid promoted larger organoid formation, other matrix components hindered hair follicle germ assembly in an in vitro model.

This report describes a rare case of sarcoidosis occurring on an old blepharoplasty scar in a leukemia patient, suggesting the need for a skin biopsy when firm papules appear on a scar.

This study found that proteins secreted by early-passage dermal papilla cells, including SDF1, MMP3, biglycan, and LTBP1, may play significant roles in hair follicle regeneration.

This study suggests that down-regulation of vasculature-related genes in dermal papilla cells from balding scalps might contribute to the development of androgenetic alopecia.

This study found that sulforaphane treatment enhanced hair regeneration in ob/ob mice by increasing DHT-degrading enzyme levels and lowering plasma testosterone and DHT.

This study found that 3D microtissue models of dermal papilla cells can enhance the ability to induce hair-follicle neogenesis in vivo, offering potential for controlled cell production in follicle regeneration.

This review discusses various classification systems for patterned hair loss in both sexes and reports no new clinical findings, highlighting the Hamilton-Norwood and Ludwig systems as the most commonly used.

This study found that men with early-onset androgenic alopecia had a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome compared to controls without the condition.

This study observed that applying JAK-STAT pathway inhibitors to mouse and human skin led to rapid hair growth by inducing the anagen phase of hair follicles.

This article presents a comprehensive guide for classifying human hair follicle cycle stages in vivo using scalp xenografts on immunocompromised mice, offering valuable resources for researchers in the field.

This review provides a comprehensive guide to serum-free human hair follicle organ culture methods, highlighting research opportunities, standardization efforts, and potential applications without reporting new empirical findings.

In this study, ob/ob mice were found to have a prolonged telogen hair cycle phase from 10 to 24 weeks, suggesting their potential as a model for studying telogen effluvium.

This study demonstrated that a 3D air–liquid culture system using Wnt-CM-treated cells can induce hair regeneration in nude mice and may facilitate large-scale preparation for hair loss treatment.

This study found that expanding hair follicle keratinocytes with a fibroblast feeder followed by short-term coculture with dermal papilla cells could restore their ability to form new hair follicles.

This study found that certain trichoscopic features like white peripilar sign, yellow dots, and scalp pigmentation are positively correlated with the severity of androgenetic alopecia in Chinese patients.

This study found that a 3D Matrigel culture technique for dermal papilla cell spheroids can enhance hair follicle inductivity and induce hair-like fiber differentiation in vitro, even with high-passage cells.

This study found that JAK inhibitors promote hair regrowth in both mice and human alopecia areata cases by blocking key immune pathways involved in disease development.

This review discusses advancements in cell culture techniques for hair growth treatments and provides insights into the potential and challenges of follicular cell implantation, reporting no new clinical results.

This study found that leptin acts as an inducer of the anagen phase in hair follicles, suggesting its role as a potential player in hair biology.

This study reported species and demographic differences in alopecia rates among macaques, with the highest rates in pigtail macaques and noted age-related improvements in alopecia scores.

This study found that altering cell culture conditions to form three-dimensional papilla spheroids can restore the ability of human dermal papilla cells to induce hair growth in adult skin.

HSL treatment speeds up hair growth and reduces oxidative stress in hair follicles of ob/ob mice.

This review discusses recent advances in hair follicle biology, regeneration, and tissue engineering, highlighting emerging therapeutic opportunities, and reports no new experimental results.

This study found that C57BL/6 mice with a diet containing specific levels of vitamin A showed alterations in retinoid metabolism and increased frequency of cicatricial alopecias, suggesting dietary factors may play a role in this condition.

This study found that both human and rat dermal papilla spheroids can induce hair follicle neogenesis, but larger spheroids increase inductivity without significantly affecting hair fiber diameter.

This article reviews the causal mechanisms of hair follicle disorders, focusing on inflammation, genetics, environment, and hormones, but it reports no new clinical results.

This article reviews current knowledge on the causes, diagnosis, and medical treatments for androgenetic alopecia, particularly in men, and reports no new findings.

This study evaluated skin and hair color variations in different mouse strains, highlighting the association between hair cycle stages and skin pigmentation to better understand these features and their implications.

The human hair follicle can store topical compounds and be targeted for drug delivery with minimal side effects.

IL-6 contributes to hair loss by shortening the growth phase and causing hair follicles to regress.

In this study, latanoprost significantly increased hair density in young men with mild androgenetic alopecia after 24 weeks, suggesting it may stimulate hair follicle activity and treat hair loss.

This study found that cultured human dermal papilla cells formed into three-dimensional spheres have an increased ability to induce hair follicles from mouse epidermal cells compared to two-dimensional cultures.

In this study, mixing mouse epithelial and dermal cells was the most successful method for reconstituting hair follicles in mice, with the hair patch assay providing the quickest results.

This study successfully recreated human hair follicles in vitro, which offers a potential advancement in hair regeneration and understanding the effects of drugs on hair follicles.

This study found that deleting FoxN1 in specific thymic epithelial cells disrupted the 3D thymic structure and led to age-dependent formation of 2D epithelial cysts, highlighting FoxN1's critical role in thymic morphogenesis.

This study found that daily oral finasteride may increase hair count and improve hair appearance assessments in men with androgenetic alopecia, but it also appears to raise the risk of sexual dysfunction.

This study found that certain C57BL/6 mouse substrains have a genetic vulnerability to skin lesions resembling central centrifugal cicatrical alopecia in humans, potentially worsened by high vitamin A levels.

This study achieved a first by successfully forming large quantities of dermal papilla spheroidal microtissues, which retained their hair induction potential, using a micropatterned culture system.

This study reports the development of the first rodent model for androgenetic alopecia, demonstrating that overexpression of androgen receptors in mice delays hair regeneration and can be used to test new treatments.

This study introduced a new classification system for distinguishing between anagen VI and early catagen stages in human hair follicle organ culture, using it to confirm eflornithine's ability to induce premature catagen.

In this study, researchers observed that follicular microinflammation significantly contributes to the early stages of male androgenetic alopecia, potentially leading to perifollicular fibrosis and follicle destruction as the condition progresses.

This review discusses the advantages and limitations of various hair loss evaluation methods but reports no new results; it emphasizes the importance of cautious interpretation for these diagnostic tools.

In this study, murine follicular cell aggregates developed into hair-like structures in culture, which upon implantation into mice skin matured into complete hair follicles, suggesting potential for treating hair loss.

This review discusses the physiology of hair follicles, their disorders, and the principles behind developing treatments, reporting no new results.

This study found that transplanted microencapsulated dermal papilla cells in rat footpads can regenerate hair follicles and sebaceous gland structures, suggesting a potential substitute for fresh dermal papillae cells.

This study found that balding dermal papilla cells show premature senescence and altered expression of stress and DNA damage markers, suggesting sensitivity to environmental stress in androgenetic alopecia.

This study found that 12 months of minoxidil treatment increased hair density and thickness in women with androgenetic alopecia, while alfatradiol primarily stabilized hair loss.

This article examines the emerging role of dermoscopy in skin cancer diagnosis and reports no new clinical findings; the authors highlight its potential to enhance dermatological practice.

This study found that bulge cells marked by CD200+ in human hair follicles show high colony-forming efficiency, suggesting successful enrichment of keratinocyte stem cells.

This review explores the role of Foxn1 in mammalian skin biology, discussing its influence on hair follicle function and the potential for further research to enhance understanding of epithelial differentiation.

This study suggests that an increase in kenogen phases, along with rising vellus hair cycles and fewer normal hair cycles, is associated with the progression of female androgenetic alopecia.

This article reviews the interaction between sex hormone pathways and morphogenesis-related signaling in epithelial organ development, using a chicken model to propose testable hypotheses, but reports no new clinical results.

This article reviews the mechanisms by which minoxidil stimulates hair growth and reports no new clinical findings.

Male pattern baldness is largely genetic, linked to the androgen receptor gene, and may relate to certain health issues.

This study found that dermal papilla and peribulbar dermal sheath cup cells in mice can both induce hair follicle formation, suggesting they may have similar functional roles in hair growth.

This article reviews androgenetic alopecia in women, highlighting diagnosis criteria and noting that topical minoxidil is currently the only proven treatment for hair growth; it reports no clinical trial findings.

This review suggests that androgenetic alopecia may be exacerbated by exposure to ultraviolet radiation and proposes considering it as a photoaggravated condition requiring photoprotection.

This study found that 5% topical minoxidil significantly increased hair regrowth and improved psychosocial perceptions of hair loss in men with androgenetic alopecia compared to 2% topical minoxidil and placebo over 48 weeks.

This study found that latanoprost induces significant growth and pigmentation of lashes and ancillary hairs, with effects mirroring both brief and chronic treatments observed in patients and animal models.

In this study, researchers reported that chronic UV exposure may contribute to androgenic alopecia progression by influencing hair cycle changes and exacerbating solar elastosis in the scalp.

This study suggests that miniaturization in pattern hair loss may occur abruptly and can be reversed with treatment, as supported by histologic evidence in finasteride-responsive patients.

This review discusses the suitability of stump-tailed macaques and rodent models for studying hair growth and developing treatments for androgenetic alopecia, but reports no new experimental results.

This study found that specific genetic markers near the androgen receptor gene are significantly more common in men with male pattern baldness, suggesting a genetic component in its development.

FPHL affects hair density and diameter, causing visible hair loss in older women.

This review discusses the perceptions of male pattern baldness by strangers and explores the sociocultural aspects of hair and hair loss but reports no new results.

This study found that finasteride increases anagen hair growth in men with androgenetic alopecia.

This study suggests that the structural integrity and physical proximity of Whn's DNA binding and activation domains are crucial for hair keratin gene activation and may explain the nude phenotype.

Whn is crucial for hair growth in certain areas by controlling a specific gene.

This review discusses the psychological and social impacts of androgenetic alopecia and suggests that medical treatments can have some positive psychological effects, highlighting the condition's moderate stress and impact on body image.

This study found that hair transplant surgeons can use a new model to predict the number and distribution of follicular units in donor scalp areas based on patient hair density.

RU58841, a nonsteroidal anti-androgen, showed potential as a topical treatment for hair loss, increasing hair density, thickness, and length without systemic side effects in Stumptailed Macaques.

This study found that the non-steroidal antiandrogen RU58841 increased hair growth rates and promoted hair cycle initiation in balding human scalp grafts on testosterone-conditioned nude mice, indicating a positive effect on hair growth.

This study found that the angora mouse mutation prolongs the anagen phase, resulting in excessively long hair and follicular abnormalities, without involving circulating hair cycle factors.

Testosterone was found to inhibit hair follicle epithelial cell proliferation in adult stumptailed macaques only when dermal papilla cells from bald scalps were present, and this effect was reversed by the antiandrogen RU 58841.

This study found that a non-scarring alopecia in C3H/HeJ mice resembles human alopecia areata and may serve as a valuable model for studying specific subtypes of the human condition.

This collection reviews various animal models for dermatological research, particularly focusing on genetic mutations in laboratory mice, and reports no original findings.

This study found that women with androgenetic alopecia reported more psychosocial problems and lower self-esteem than women with non-visible skin conditions and men with androgenetic alopecia, which they attributed to their hair loss.

This study found that while hair follicles can be viably maintained in vitro for 7 days, their morphology suggests a shift to the resting phase, likely due to isolation.

Testosterone causes hair loss in AGA mice, which are good for testing baldness treatments, and both minoxidil and cyproterone acetate can prevent this hair loss.

This report introduces a mouse model with androgen-dependent alopecia, suggesting it as a potential alternative for studying hair loss mechanisms and testing treatments.

Minoxidil promotes hair growth but stops working when discontinued.

This study describes a method for serially cultivating adult human hair follicle keratinocytes using a specific growth substrate and cryogenic storage, enabling subculture and immunofluorescence studies.

This article presents a classification system for stages of female-pattern androgenetic alopecia to aid early diagnosis and mentions existing systems for rare male-pattern cases, but reports no new clinical results.