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Glossary Androgen Receptor

protein in cells that binds male hormones to regulate genes

The androgen receptor (AR) is a type of protein found inside cells that binds to androgens, which are male hormones like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. This binding activates the receptor, allowing it to enter the cell nucleus and influence the expression of specific genes, playing a crucial role in the development and maintenance of male characteristics, as well as in conditions like androgenic alopecia (male pattern baldness).

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Research

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research Different Levels of 5α-Reductase Type I and II, Aromatase, and Androgen Receptor in Hair Follicles of Women and Men with Androgenetic Alopecia

416 citations , September 1997 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

People with hair loss have more androgen receptors and enzymes in certain follicles, with men and women showing different patterns.

research Intratumoral De Novo Steroid Synthesis Activates Androgen Receptor in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer and Is Upregulated by Treatment with CYP17A1 Inhibitors

402 citations , August 2011 in “Cancer research”

This study found that castration-resistant prostate cancers resistant to CYP17A1 inhibitors may still depend on steroids and could respond to therapies targeting de novo intratumoral steroid synthesis.

research Polymorphism of the Androgen Receptor Gene is Associated with Male Pattern Baldness

299 citations , March 2001 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study found that specific genetic markers near the androgen receptor gene are significantly more common in men with male pattern baldness, suggesting a genetic component in its development.

research Balding hair follicle dermal papilla cells contain higher levels of androgen receptors than those from non-balding scalp

227 citations , January 1998 in “Journal of Endocrinology”

This study found that dermal papilla cells from balding scalp hair follicles have significantly higher levels of androgen receptors than those from non-balding follicles, supporting their in vivo androgen response.

research Androgen receptor–mediated inhibition of cutaneous wound healing

207 citations , September 2002 in “The Journal of clinical investigation/The journal of clinical investigation”

The study found that reducing testosterone in male mice through castration or androgen antagonism significantly accelerated wound healing by decreasing inflammation, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for impaired healing in elderly men.

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Community Join

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community Having androgen receptor density and sensitivity at wrong f*ing place

in Satire 7 upvotes 1 year ago

The conversation discusses hair loss treatments, focusing on the use of topical minoxidil, microneedling, finasteride, and dutasteride, while debating the role of testosterone and DHT in hair loss. It also touches on the potential liver health impacts of these treatments and the genetic sensitivity of hair follicles to androgens.

community Fluridil degrades the androgen receptor.

in Research/Science 12 upvotes 1 year ago

Fluridil degrades androgen receptors, which are prevalent in the scalp and other tissues. People with androgenetic alopecia (AGA) may have higher expression of these receptors and 5AR activity in affected scalp areas.

community Dutasteride: More Than a DHT Reducer – A Potential Androgen Receptor Inhibitor?

in Finasteride/Dutasteride 31 upvotes 1 year ago

Dutasteride may inhibit androgen receptors in addition to reducing DHT, potentially explaining its effectiveness over finasteride for hair loss. Concerns about its impact on muscle growth are debated, with some suggesting no significant effects.

community Is there a topical androgen receptor blocker so we don't have to fuck with the enzyme and destroy our allopregnanolone, but go and hit the end target straight?

in Treatment 44 upvotes 2 years ago

The conversation discusses topical androgen receptor blockers for hair loss, mentioning Clascoterone, Pyrilutamide, GT20029, and RU58841. Ketoconazole's effectiveness and application methods are also debated.

community How can ketoconazole shampoo block androgen receptor if it's just washed off?

60 upvotes 10 months ago

Ketoconazole shampoo is primarily used to reduce scalp fungus and inflammation, not to block DHT or androgen receptors. It may help with seborrheic dermatitis and improve scalp health, but its effects on hair loss are minimal compared to treatments like finasteride.

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Learn

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learn GT20029

Experimental topical drug designed to break down androgen receptors

What is GT20029 and how does it work as a topical anti-androgen for hair loss? GT20029 is an investigational topical androgen-receptor degrader. One 12-week Phase II trial in 180 Chinese men found two of four regimens beat placebo on hair count; it is not approved or available.

learn Clascoterone

Topical androgen-receptor blocker, approved as an acne cream

What is clascoterone and how does it work against hair loss? Clascoterone blocks androgen receptors in the skin. It is approved only for acne; a scalp solution is still investigational for hair loss.

learn Cyproterone

a synthetic anti-androgen and weak progestogen that inhibits DHT binding to androgen receptor

learn Fluridil

How is Fluridil different from other DHT blockers like finasteride? Fluridil is a topical androgen-receptor blocker applied to the scalp, while finasteride is an oral 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor that lowers DHT throughout the body. Finasteride is FDA-approved and far better studied; Fluridil rests on one 43-man trial and is not licensed as a hair-loss medicine, so its long-term safety and effect size are unknown.

learn Bicalutamide

Nonsteroidal anti-androgen, originally a prostate cancer drug

Can bicalutamide stop DHT from shrinking your hair follicles? Bicalutamide blocks androgens at the receptor rather than lowering DHT, and some dermatologists prescribe it off-label for women with pattern hair loss, although its US label says it should not be used in women. The one randomised trial (74 women, 2025) found it added no benefit to oral minoxidil, and the drug needs liver monitoring because its label warns of severe and fatal liver injury; it is contraindicated in pregnancy.

learn Spironolactone

How does spironolactone help reduce hair loss when used in topical or oral treatments? Spironolactone is thought to slow androgen-driven follicle miniaturisation by blocking androgen receptors; the trials are small, mostly in women and mostly alongside minoxidil. It is a prescription drug and its use for hair loss is off-label.

learn Pyrilutamide

Experimental topical anti-androgen, also known as KX-826

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