Male-Pattern Hair Loss: Comprehensive Identification of the Associated Genes as a Basis for Understanding Pathophysiology

This study developed new genetic prediction models for male pattern baldness with improved accuracy by utilizing a large set of markers and independent datasets, making them the most reliable available for this trait.

This study in a Korean population identified two novel genetic variants that may increase the risk of androgenetic alopecia, contributing to understanding its genetic basis in non-European populations.

This review found a significant association between smoking and androgenetic alopecia, but notes a lack of studies on whether quitting smoking can improve hair loss.

This study identified clinical features and genetic variants associated with early onset female pattern hair loss, highlighting decreased hair shaft density and specific SNPs related to androgenic features.

This study found no correlation between the severity of androgenetic alopecia and the severity of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients, contrary to some previous research.

This study found no significant epidemiological or genetic association between androgenetic alopecia and severe COVID-19 in a British cohort, but suggests shared genetic pathways may exist.

This article identifies eight conditions that make patients unsuitable candidates for hair transplant surgery, emphasizing the importance of detailed consultations to recognize these factors, but reports no clinical results.

In this study, researchers found no significant association between selected CYP19A1 and ESR2 gene SNPs and female androgenetic alopecia in the Polish population studied.

In this study, researchers found that interaction between transcription factor EBF1 and gene WNT10A, influenced by a genetic variant, may play a role in hair shaft formation and anagen shortening in male pattern baldness.

This study found no significant association between genetic loci linked to male androgenetic alopecia and female-pattern hair loss in a Chinese Han population, suggesting they are etiologically separate disorders.

This review discusses the potential link between androgenetic alopecia and COVID-19 severity, examining the role of androgens and relevant treatments, but reports no new clinical results.

This study found no significant correlation between androgenetic alopecia or other hyper-androgenic skin manifestations and the severity of COVID-19 outcomes in hospitalized patients.

This study found no significant genetic correlations between male pattern baldness and COVID-19 outcomes, suggesting that shared genetic factors may not explain the reported association.

This review summarizes evidence suggesting that smoking is associated with alopecia and premature hair graying, with smokers showing higher prevalence than nonsmokers.

This study found that baldness and a family history of baldness are associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease in Iranian men, although baldness did not correlate with its severity.

This review discusses recent genetic findings on hormonal signaling pathways in androgenetic alopecia, reporting no new study results but highlighting the need for further investigation.

In this study, men with androgenetic alopecia had lower BMI and waist-to-hip ratios than controls, but no significant association with hypertension or other lifestyle factors was observed.

This study found that a positive family history, especially from the mother's side and including grandparents, is associated with an increased risk of early-onset female pattern hair loss in Polish women.

This study suggests a weak association between male-pattern baldness and some coronary heart disease risk factors, but does not support it as a strong indicator of coronary risk.

This study found that male patients with early-onset androgenetic alopecia were associated with metabolic syndrome, but not insulin resistance, compared to age-matched controls.

This study identified three novel genetic loci associated with PCOS and found similar genetic architecture across different diagnostic criteria, with evidence suggesting genetic links between PCOS and various metabolic and psychological traits.

This study found that male pattern baldness in European males is strongly heritable and associated with genetic markers linked to earlier puberty, bone density, and pancreatic function.

This article reviews the genetic research on male androgenetic alopecia, highlighting that over 300 associated risk variants have been identified, with unclear mechanisms of action.

In this study, male Koreans with androgenetic alopecia showed a significant association with hypertension, whereas females did not demonstrate this link.

This study found that patients with androgenetic alopecia had a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome compared to healthy controls.

This genome-wide association study identified 71 genetic loci linked to male pattern baldness, with 30 novel loci, explaining 38% of the risk and suggesting shared pathways with lifespan and cancer traits.

This review explores the relationship between androgenetic alopecia and metabolic syndrome, suggesting an association that supports considering cardiovascular risk assessments in patients with this type of hair loss.

This review summarizes the genetic studies on female pattern hair loss, highlighting the lack of clearly identified susceptibility loci and suggesting distinct aetiological differences from male pattern hair loss.

This study identified 63 genetic loci associated with male-pattern baldness, uncovering genes and pathways that may help develop treatments and suggesting its connection to other human conditions.

In this study, researchers used genetic data from over 52,000 men to identify over 250 genetic loci associated with severe hair loss and developed a predictive algorithm for determining hair loss risk.

In this study, researchers found that the prevalence of androgenetic alopecia was higher in their sample compared to other studies in Asian and Caucasian populations, and it was linked with age-related severity.

This study observed that in patients with androgenetic alopecia, illness perception was linked to higher psychological distress and lower quality of life compared to those with alopecia areata.

In this study, researchers identified 18 genetic associations with scalp and facial hair traits in Latin Americans, including novel loci for hair greying and balding, with implications for understanding hair evolution.

This review discusses the genetic research developments in androgenetic alopecia, reporting no new clinical results, and highlights the potential for discovering novel therapeutic targets.

This study found no significant difference in CAG repeat numbers of the androgen receptor gene between Han Chinese women with female pattern hair loss and healthy controls, suggesting it may not be a genetic marker for FPHL in this population.

This study found that a genetic model using SNPs can predict early-onset male-pattern baldness with moderate accuracy, which may assist in decisions about interventions.

This review discusses the clinical, epidemiological, and pathophysiological aspects of female pattern hair loss, reporting no new research findings.

This study found that a genetic test using 5 to 20 SNPs can predict male pattern baldness with variable accuracy in European men, especially those aged 50 and older.

This review discusses environmental factors like UV radiation and smoking that affect hair health and highlights the potential role of nutrition, but it reports no new results.

This study found that specific CYP19A1 gene SNPs were significantly associated with female pattern hair loss risk in a Chinese Han population.

This meta-analysis found that people with alopecia have an increased risk of coronary heart disease and several cardiovascular risk factors compared to those without alopecia.

The document explains different types of hair loss, their causes, and treatments, and suggests future research areas.

This study supports evaluating metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in young males with advanced androgenic alopecia to potentially reduce future cardiovascular and type 2 diabetes risks.

No link found between new male baldness genes and female hair loss.

This study reports an association between the ESR2 gene variant rs10137185 and female-pattern hair loss in German patients.

This study found that higher BMI was significantly associated with more severe hair loss in men with male-pattern and early-onset androgenetic alopecia.

This study validated that the 20p11 genetic locus is associated with increased risk of androgenic alopecia in the Chinese Han population, suggesting shared genetic factors between Chinese and European populations.

This study suggests that the androgen receptor locus on the X chromosome may play a role in the pathogenesis of early-onset female pattern hair loss.

This study provides evidence that a polygenic component contributes to the heritable risk for androgenetic alopecia, indicating the need for further research to identify the complex biological pathways involved.

Four genetic risk spots found for hair loss, with WNT signaling involved and a link to curly hair.

This study found that early-onset androgenetic alopecia in individuals of European ancestry is significantly associated with increased odds of Parkinson's disease and is influenced by specific genetic loci, including some linked to reduced fertility.

This study found no significant association between selected gene variants and female pattern hair loss, suggesting these genes might not be involved in its development.

This study suggests that the AR/EDA2R locus may contribute to early-onset female pattern hair loss, but no association was found with the 20p11 locus.

This study suggests that the HDAC9 gene is a third susceptibility gene for male-pattern baldness, with significant associations found in both German and Australian samples.

This study found that men with early-onset androgenetic alopecia had significantly larger prostate volumes and lower urinary flow rates compared to healthy controls, suggesting a possible link between AGA and prostate-related urinary symptoms.

This study observed a potential association between the CC genotype of rs4646 and female pattern hair loss, but the authors advise caution due to lack of experiment-wide significance and recommend replication.

In this study, researchers identified two independent genetic variants near the androgen receptor gene strongly associated with androgenetic alopecia in men.

This article reviews existing treatments for male-pattern hair loss, noting that while they can slow progression, they generally achieve only partial hair regrowth.

This abstract contains only supplementary material information and reports no new research findings.

In this study, genetic variation in the CYP19A1 gene, particularly the common rs4646 C allele, was associated with an increased risk of female pattern hair loss, especially in women under 40.

This study found no evidence that androgen receptor copy number variation is associated with androgenetic alopecia, suggesting it is unlikely to be a contributing factor.

This study found that the prevalence of androgenetic alopecia in Chinese men was lower than in Caucasian men, similar to Korean men, and most commonly presented as type III vertex.

This study found that young males with stage III or higher androgenetic alopecia had higher insulin resistance and cardiovascular-related features, suggesting the need for metabolic assessment in this population.

In their study, Tim Spector and colleagues identified a new genetic association at chromosome 20p11.22 with male-pattern baldness, confirmed by the increased risk when combined with a known androgen receptor gene variant.

In this study, researchers found that while the SNP rs6152 is strongly associated with androgenetic alopecia, the GGN triplet repeat is not, suggesting the causative variant is likely a non-coding one.

This study observed that Finnish men aged 63 with androgenetic alopecia had higher rates of hypertension and diabetes compared to those with normal hair status.

Genetic variation in the androgen receptor gene mainly causes early-onset hair loss, with maternal inheritance playing a key role.

This study found that the AR-E211 A allele is associated with a lower risk of both metastatic prostate cancer and androgenetic alopecia in an Australian population.

Male pattern baldness is largely genetic, linked to the androgen receptor gene, and may relate to certain health issues.

In this study, the researchers did not confirm previously reported links between AGA and smoking or benign prostatic hypertrophy, but found potential associations with alcohol consumption and lean body mass at age 21 that merit further investigation.

In this study, the prevalence of androgenetic alopecia among Korean men and women was found to be lower than in caucasians, with Korean men showing more frontal hairline preservation and a higher incidence of 'female pattern' hair thinning.

This study found that specific genetic markers near the androgen receptor gene are significantly more common in men with male pattern baldness, suggesting a genetic component in its development.

Early hair loss may indicate risk of insulin resistance.

This study found that shorter CAG-repeat lengths in the androgen receptor may be associated with the development of androgen-mediated skin disorders like androgenetic alopecia, acne, and hirsutism in both men and women.

This study demonstrates that patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia have a higher severity and frequency of male pattern baldness compared to a control group.

This study presents evidence suggesting that androgenetic alopecia is most likely inherited through a polygenic model, challenging the traditional view that it is caused by a simple Mendelian autosomal dominant gene.