64 citations
,
March 2017 in “Nature communications” This study identified 63 genetic loci associated with male-pattern baldness, uncovering genes and pathways that may help develop treatments and suggesting its connection to other human conditions.
30 citations
,
May 2016 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” This study found that apoptosis was more prevalent in hair follicles of women with female pattern hair loss, particularly in miniaturized follicles, and was associated with follicular inflammation.
20 citations
,
May 2016 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” This study suggests that lower serum and tissue vitamin D receptor levels in alopecia areata and androgenetic alopecia patients may play a role in the pathogenesis of these hair diseases.
20 citations
,
April 2016 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” In this study, topical methyl vanillate application increased hair count and hair mass index in women with androgenetic alopecia by enhancing WNT10B expression, suggesting a potential new treatment strategy.
21 citations
,
April 2016 in “International Journal of Dermatology” This study found a significant association between female pattern hair loss and metabolic syndrome in Egyptian women, with waist circumference and hypertension particularly linked to the severity of hair loss.
46 citations
,
February 2016 in “Experimental Dermatology” This review discusses the genetic research developments in androgenetic alopecia, reporting no new clinical results, and highlights the potential for discovering novel therapeutic targets.
19 citations
,
February 2016 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This study found that the presence of CD3(+) T-cells within empty follicular fibrous tracts is a reliable indicator for diagnosing diffuse alopecia areata instead of pattern hair loss.
23 citations
,
January 2016 in “International Journal of Trichology” This study found that women with female pattern hair loss had significantly lower serum Vitamin D3 levels compared to healthy controls.
5 citations
,
January 2016 in “Dermatology” This study found no significant difference in CAG repeat numbers of the androgen receptor gene between Han Chinese women with female pattern hair loss and healthy controls, suggesting it may not be a genetic marker for FPHL in this population.
10 citations
,
July 2015 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” This study found elevated tissue levels of DKK-1 in patients with both androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata compared to controls, suggesting DKK-1 as a potential therapeutic target for these conditions.
4 citations
,
March 2015 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology” This study suggests a relationship between insulin resistance and androgenetic alopecia in women, independent of hyperandrogenemia.
7 citations
,
January 2015 in “Dermatology” This study found that specific CYP19A1 gene SNPs were significantly associated with female pattern hair loss risk in a Chinese Han population.
35 citations
,
March 2014 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This study found that in androgenic alopecia, the arrector pili muscle degenerates and is replaced by fat, unlike in normal skin or telogen effluvium.
48 citations
,
February 2014 in “Fertility and Sterility” This study found that androgenic alopecia is present in 22% of women with polycystic ovary syndrome and is associated with acne and hirsutism, but not with increased biochemical hyperandrogenemia or metabolic dysfunction beyond PCOS.
21 citations
,
December 2013 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” No link found between new male baldness genes and female hair loss.
4 citations
,
December 2013 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This study reports an association between the ESR2 gene variant rs10137185 and female-pattern hair loss in German patients.
48 citations
,
September 2013 in “Oncologist” This study reported that alopecia is a common but often underreported side effect of endocrine-based cancer therapies, with tamoxifen showing the highest incidence of hair loss among analyzed treatments.
25 citations
,
July 2013 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” This study suggests that the androgen receptor locus on the X chromosome may play a role in the pathogenesis of early-onset female pattern hair loss.
74 citations
,
January 2013 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Four genetic risk spots found for hair loss, with WNT signaling involved and a link to curly hair.
40 citations
,
January 2013 in “Journal of Korean Medical Science” This study found that serum ferritin levels were lower in premenopausal women with female pattern hair loss compared to healthy controls, suggesting a potential role for iron in hair loss.
62 citations
,
January 2013 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” This study found that low serum ferritin and vitamin D2 levels are associated with hair loss in females with chronic telogen effluvium and female pattern hair loss, suggesting potential benefits of screening and supplementation.
33 citations
,
November 2012 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This study reported that female pattern hair loss was prevalent in 11.8% of women aged 30 and older and was associated with high fasting glucose, fewer childbirths, oral contraceptive use, and excessive ultraviolet exposure.
9 citations
,
November 2012 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” MC4R gene variants not linked to female hair loss.
87 citations
,
May 2012 in “PLOS Genetics” This study found that early-onset androgenetic alopecia in individuals of European ancestry is significantly associated with increased odds of Parkinson's disease and is influenced by specific genetic loci, including some linked to reduced fertility.
205 citations
,
March 2012 in “Science Translational Medicine” PGD2 stops hair growth and is higher in bald men with AGA.
18 citations
,
February 2012 in “Experimental Dermatology” This study found no significant association between selected gene variants and female pattern hair loss, suggesting these genes might not be involved in its development.
38 citations
,
February 2012 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This study suggests that the AR/EDA2R locus may contribute to early-onset female pattern hair loss, but no association was found with the 20p11 locus.
19 citations
,
January 2012 in “Dermato-endocrinology” This study suggests that moderate elevated prolactin levels are unlikely to cause significant hair loss in women, but still warrant further diagnostic investigation to rule out a prolactin-producing pituitary tumor.
51 citations
,
November 2011 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This study suggests that the HDAC9 gene is a third susceptibility gene for male-pattern baldness, with significant associations found in both German and Australian samples.
27 citations
,
October 2011 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This study builds on previous findings by associating female pattern hair loss with gene polymorphisms related to oestrogen activity, suggesting oestrogen's role in the condition.
21 citations
,
October 2011 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This study found that subcutaneous testosterone therapy improved scalp hair growth in a majority of androgen-deficient women who previously reported hair thinning and did not report hair loss as a side effect.
15 citations
,
June 2011 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This study observed a potential association between the CC genotype of rs4646 and female pattern hair loss, but the authors advise caution due to lack of experiment-wide significance and recommend replication.
72 citations
,
October 2010 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This study concluded that iron deficiency is common among women but not more prevalent in those with female pattern hair loss or chronic telogen effluvium compared to control subjects without hair loss.
110 citations
,
July 2010 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Hair loss linked to higher heart disease risk in both men and women.
64 citations
,
June 2010 in “Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” This study suggests that 5 mg/day oral finasteride may increase hair density and thickness in normoandrogenic Asian women with female pattern hair loss over 12 months.
23 citations
,
March 2010 in “Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas” In this study, early-onset androgenetic alopecia in men was associated with a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome and carotid atherosclerosis compared to controls, suggesting cardiovascular screening might be beneficial for this group.
28 citations
,
March 2010 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This abstract contains only supplementary material information and reports no new research findings.
67 citations
,
February 2010 in “Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica” In this study, hirsutism in women with PCOS was strongly associated with hyperandrogenism and metabolic abnormalities, while acne and androgenic alopecia were not effective markers for hyperandrogenism.
54 citations
,
February 2010 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This case report describes a patient with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome experiencing female pattern hair loss, suggesting that factors beyond direct androgen action may contribute to this condition in women.
126 citations
,
January 2010 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This study found that the prevalence of androgenetic alopecia in Chinese men and women was lower than in Caucasians and similar to that in Koreans.
175 citations
,
November 2009 in “PLOS ONE” This study found that both genetic and environmental factors influence appearance-related aging in women, with skin wrinkling, hair graying, and sun damage significantly affecting perceived age more than chronological age.
45 citations
,
November 2009 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This study found that women with early-onset androgenetic alopecia had higher aldosterone levels and blood pressure, suggesting a possible link to the increased prevalence of hypertension in this group.
23 citations
,
May 2009 in “International Journal of Dermatology” In this study, no association was found between the AR gene and type II androgenetic alopecia in Egyptian women, suggesting it is not a useful biomarker for predisposition.
77 citations
,
April 2009 in “British Journal of Dermatology” In this study, genetic variation in the CYP19A1 gene, particularly the common rs4646 C allele, was associated with an increased risk of female pattern hair loss, especially in women under 40.
140 citations
,
October 2008 in “Nature Genetics” 
100 citations
,
June 2006 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This study found that as hair loss severity increased in women with female pattern hair loss, the number of vellus follicles also rose, indicating miniaturization of terminal hair follicles.
108 citations
,
March 2006 in “Archives of Dermatology” This study observed that 62% of premenopausal women with female pattern hair loss reported improvement when treated with oral finasteride and an oral contraceptive containing drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol.
31 citations
,
October 2005 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This study found that sebum excretion is not increased in women with female pattern hair loss, suggesting nonandrogenic factors may contribute to hair loss in some women without hirsutism.
193 citations
,
August 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” This study found that the prevalence of androgenetic alopecia increases with age among both men and women in Maryborough, Australia, with 57% of women and 73.5% of men aged 80 and over affected.
60 citations
,
August 2005 in “Endocrinology” This study suggests that αMSH may play a regulatory role in human dermal papilla cells, potentially influencing immune and inflammatory responses in hair follicles, which could contribute to inflammatory alopecia.
195 citations
,
June 2005 in “American Journal of Human Genetics” Genetic variation in the androgen receptor gene mainly causes early-onset hair loss, with maternal inheritance playing a key role.
72 citations
,
March 2005 in “British Journal of Dermatology” In this case series, researchers observed androgenetic alopecia in 20 prepubertal children with a strong genetic predisposition, despite the condition typically not occurring before puberty.
40 citations
,
December 2004 in “Dermatology” This study suggests that an increase in kenogen phases, along with rising vellus hair cycles and fewer normal hair cycles, is associated with the progression of female androgenetic alopecia.
44 citations
,
March 2004 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study observed that in vitro treatment of male frontotemporal scalp hair follicles with 17-β-estradiol stimulated hair shaft generation and hair matrix keratinocyte proliferation, suggesting potential anagen-prolonging effects.
191 citations
,
December 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Male pattern baldness is largely genetic, linked to the androgen receptor gene, and may relate to certain health issues.
84 citations
,
November 2003 in “European journal of endocrinology” This study found that women with androgenic alopecia had a higher prevalence of polycystic ovarian morphology and higher androgen levels compared to controls, suggesting a strong association with PCO.
130 citations
,
June 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” This study found that estrogen receptor beta, not alpha, is the main mediator of estrogen action in human skin and hair follicles, suggesting a distinct role in these tissues.
149 citations
,
June 2002 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Minoxidil works better for female hair loss, but cyproterone reduces scalp oiliness and causes menstrual issues.
157 citations
,
July 2001 in “British Journal of Dermatology” In this study, the prevalence of androgenetic alopecia among Korean men and women was found to be lower than in caucasians, with Korean men showing more frontal hairline preservation and a higher incidence of 'female pattern' hair thinning.
234 citations
,
February 2001 in “British Journal of Dermatology” FPHL affects hair density and diameter, causing visible hair loss in older women.
47 citations
,
December 2000 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” This study found that women with androgenetic alopecia showed higher levels of certain hormones and lower levels of sex hormone-binding globulin than healthy controls, potentially linking these factors to alopecia severity.
239 citations
,
November 2000 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” In this study, finasteride 1 mg/day for 12 months did not improve hair growth or slow hair thinning in postmenopausal women with androgenetic alopecia compared to placebo.
145 citations
,
December 1999 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” Finasteride 1mg helps reverse hair miniaturization in men and postmenopausal women.
110 citations
,
September 1999 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This case report describes a young woman with hypopituitarism who experienced hair loss typical of female androgenetic alopecia without detectable androgens, suggesting this hair loss pattern may not always be androgen dependent.
234 citations
,
December 1996 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” The authors concluded that chronic telogen effluvium in middle-aged women presents distinct clinical and histological features that differ from androgenetic alopecia and acute telogen effluvium.
154 citations
,
October 1996 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America” This study found that 17-beta-estradiol inhibits hair growth in mice by blocking hair follicles in the telogen phase, whereas an estrogen receptor antagonist promotes hair growth by initiating anagen.
83 citations
,
April 1992 in “Clinical Endocrinology” This study found that treatment with cyproterone acetate and ethinyl oestradiol increased hair density in women with diffuse androgen-dependent alopecia, particularly when serum ferritin levels were above 40 μg/l.
203 citations
,
November 1984 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” This study presents evidence suggesting that androgenetic alopecia is most likely inherited through a polygenic model, challenging the traditional view that it is caused by a simple Mendelian autosomal dominant gene.
666 citations
,
September 1977 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This article presents a classification system for stages of female-pattern androgenetic alopecia to aid early diagnosis and mentions existing systems for rare male-pattern cases, but reports no new clinical results.
