227 citations
,
April 2023 in “The Lancet” Ritlecitinib effectively treats alopecia areata and is well-tolerated.
3 citations
,
March 2023 in “JAAD case reports” This study describes three cases where patients with recalcitrant alopecia areata achieved complete hair regrowth on the scalp after treatment with upadacitinib, suggesting it may be beneficial for similar cases, especially those with comorbid atopic dermatitis.
6 citations
,
February 2023 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” This article addresses the pathogenesis of alopecia areata and discusses the emerging role of oral and topical JAK inhibitors in its treatment, but reports no new clinical findings.
9 citations
,
January 2023 in “Dermatology and therapy” This case report describes a 14-year-old girl with alopecia universalis and mild atopic dermatitis who achieved complete hair regrowth and eczema resolution after three months of treatment with the JAK1 inhibitor upadacitinib.
15 citations
,
October 2022 in “Allergy” This study found that dupilumab treatment in alopecia areata significantly suppressed Th2-related markers and increased hair keratin levels, suggesting a potential role of Th2 cytokines in the disease's pathogenesis.
40 citations
,
August 2022 in “Frontiers in immunology” This review discusses the potential of JAK inhibitors as a promising treatment strategy for alopecia areata, highlighting their mechanism and recent FDA approval based on clinical trial efficacy.
37 citations
,
August 2022 in “Frontiers in pharmacology” This study found that oral JAK inhibitors are effective and generally well-tolerated for treating alopecia areata, but high recurrence rates after stopping treatment suggest the need for continuous use.
15 citations
,
July 2022 in “Biomedicines” This study found no significant difference in the severity of alopecia areata between treatments with platelet-rich plasma and triamcinolone acetonide; further high-quality trials of PRP are needed.
14 citations
,
June 2022 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This study found that the Alopecia Areata Symptom Impact Scale (AASIS) is a better tool than the Alopecia Areata Quality of Life Index (AA-QLI) for assessing patient-reported outcomes in alopecia areata.
12 citations
,
April 2022 in “Dermatology and therapy” This study reports that patients with alopecia areata in the US incur significantly higher healthcare utilization and expenses, primarily driven by ambulatory and pharmacy costs, compared to matched controls.
148 citations
,
March 2022 in “The New England Journal of Medicine” In two phase 3 trials, this study found that oral baricitinib significantly improved hair regrowth compared to placebo in adults with severe alopecia areata after 36 weeks, though longer trials are needed to ascertain its long-term efficacy and safety.
49 citations
,
February 2022 in “Drug Design Development and Therapy” This study found that treatment with ritlecitinib improved hair regrowth in alopecia areata patients, with many achieving significant results after 24 weeks compared to placebo.
7 citations
,
January 2022 in “SAGE open medical case reports” This case report describes successful treatment of alopecia areata and atopic dermatitis in a pediatric patient using the Janus kinase 1 inhibitor upadacitinib, with significant hair growth improvements noted after six weeks.
11 citations
,
January 2022 in “Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft” This review discusses current and emerging therapies for alopecia areata, highlights the challenges in managing this chronic disease, and emphasizes the importance of addressing its psychosocial impacts; it reports no new clinical results.
20 citations
,
December 2021 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” This study found that the oral JAK inhibitors ritlecitinib and brepocitinib were effective in maintaining hair regrowth in alopecia areata with continuous use, though efficacy decreased after withdrawal.
36 citations
,
December 2021 in “The journal of allergy and clinical immunology/Journal of allergy and clinical immunology/The journal of allergy and clinical immunology” This study observed that both ritlecitinib and brepocitinib improved scalp biomarkers in patients with alopecia areata, with associations to hair regrowth seen in this phase 2a trial.
22 citations
,
November 2021 in “Dermatology and Therapy” This study found that the Alopecia Areata Patient Priority Outcomes questionnaire is a reliable and valid tool for measuring the severity and impact of hair loss in individuals with alopecia areata.
290 citations
,
August 2021 in “Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology” JAK inhibitors show promise for treating alopecia areata, but more research is needed.
66 citations
,
June 2021 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” In this phase 2 study, baricitinib at 2 mg and 4 mg doses significantly improved hair regrowth in adults with alopecia areata and ≥50% scalp hair loss compared to placebo, without new safety concerns, although the small sample size limits the results' generalizability.
50 citations
,
May 2021 in “Frontiers in immunology” This review discusses how tissue resident memory T cells contribute to autoimmune skin diseases like vitiligo and psoriasis, highlighting their role in continuous immune activation, and reports no new clinical results.
138 citations
,
March 2021 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” This study found that treatment with ritlecitinib or brepocitinib was effective in improving scalp hair loss for patients with alopecia areata over 24 weeks compared to placebo.
20 citations
,
March 2021 in “Drug design, development and therapy” This review summarizes the pharmacology, mechanisms, and clinical efficacy of topical immunotherapy for alopecia areata but reports no new clinical results.
56 citations
,
January 2021 in “Clinical and Experimental Medicine” This review highlights the challenges in treating alopecia areata, noting that current therapies often lead to relapse and have uncertain long-term effectiveness; it also points to potential future treatments such as JAK-STAT inhibitors and PRP.
22 citations
,
September 2020 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” This review highlights the possible role of T regulatory cells in the immune-related mechanisms of alopecia areata but reports no new clinical findings.
134 citations
,
July 2020 in “Experimental dermatology” This review discusses immune privilege in anagen hair follicles and its collapse in alopecia areata, emphasizing the importance of restoring this function for effective management and disease relapse prevention.
10 citations
,
April 2020 in “Dermatology and therapy” In this study of 35 patients with scalp alopecia areata, calcipotriol ointment led to faster and greater hair regrowth than clobetasol, though differences were not statistically significant.
169 citations
,
January 2020 in “Burns & Trauma” In this study, autologous platelet-rich plasma improved skin wound healing in mice, associated with reduced inflammation and enhanced angiogenesis and re-epithelialization, but the underlying regulatory mechanism requires further investigation.
5 citations
,
January 2020 in “Acta dermatovenerologica Alpina, Pannonica et Adriatica (Tiskana izd.)” This study found that PRP was effective for treating alopecia areata with similar improvement across groups, while topical delivery via fractional CO2 laser or microneedling reduced injection pain.
19 citations
,
December 2019 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” This study suggests that intralesional triamcinolone acetonide at a concentration of 5 mg/mL may offer the best balance of effectiveness and safety for treating focal alopecia areata.
20 citations
,
December 2019 in “The journal of allergy and clinical immunology/Journal of allergy and clinical immunology/The journal of allergy and clinical immunology” In this study, ustekinumab did not promote hair regrowth in human patients with alopecia areata or prevent disease development in an AA mouse model, suggesting limited efficacy for this treatment.
55 citations
,
October 2019 in “The journal of allergy and clinical immunology/Journal of allergy and clinical immunology/The journal of allergy and clinical immunology” This review discusses emerging research areas in alopecia areata pathobiology, highlighting the potential roles of unconventional immune cells and the need for more targeted therapeutic strategies, but reports no new experimental results.
124 citations
,
October 2019 in “Frontiers in Immunology” This review discusses the role of the JAK-STAT pathway in autoimmune skin diseases and suggests potential therapeutic benefits of JAK inhibitors, but reports no new experimental results.
54 citations
,
September 2019 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” This study found that tofacitinib shows reasonable effectiveness for treating alopecia areata with mild adverse effects, although more large-scale randomized trials are needed to fully assess its safety and efficacy.
3 citations
,
August 2019 in “PubMed” This study found that topical corticosteroid foams are effective and generally preferred by patients for a variety of corticosteroid-responsive skin conditions, demonstrating significant clinical benefits such as improved psoriasis symptoms and hair regrowth in alopecia areata compared to traditional forms.
9 citations
,
May 2019 in “Journal of dermatological treatment” This article reviews characteristics and mental health impacts of alopecia areata but provides no new clinical findings; future research is encouraged.
44 citations
,
April 2019 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” This study observed that cyclosporine showed a trend toward improving alopecia areata symptoms compared to placebo, but the difference was not statistically significant.
20 citations
,
March 2019 in “Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” In this study, 5% minoxidil significantly improved outcomes for children and adults with patchy alopecia areata compared to placebo, with moderate quality evidence and no severe adverse events reported, though more research is needed to address remaining uncertainties.
130 citations
,
February 2019 in “JEADV. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology/Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” This study found that JAK inhibitors for alopecia areata showed promising response rates, with 72.4% of 289 cases responding, and oral administration achieving better outcomes than topical treatment, but recurrence occurred when treatment stopped. Further large-scale studies are needed to confirm these findings.
56 citations
,
January 2019 in “Lancet” This review discusses the emerging use of JAK inhibitors in alopecia areata treatment and reports no new clinical results; it highlights hair regrowth despite symptom recurrence after stopping therapy.
148 citations
,
December 2018 in “Journal of autoimmunity” This review discusses genetic and environmental factors contributing to autoimmunity in alopecia areata and reports no new clinical findings, emphasizing the need for further study on its aetiology and pathophysiology.
42 citations
,
November 2018 in “Archives of dermatological research” Apremilast was not effective in treating moderate-to-severe alopecia areata.
25 citations
,
October 2018 in “Pediatric dermatology” In this study, three pediatric patients with alopecia areata demonstrated hair regrowth after being treated with ustekinumab.
89 citations
,
August 2018 in “JAMA Dermatology” This study found that the level of expected therapeutic regrowth significantly affected hair regrowth outcomes in contact immunotherapy for alopecia areata, suggesting implications for patient education and adherence.
130 citations
,
February 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that tofacitinib led to ≥50% hair regrowth in eight out of twelve patients with moderate to severe alopecia areata, suggesting a potential benefit for using JAK inhibitors in treating this condition.
102 citations
,
December 2017 in “The journal of investigative dermatology. Symposium proceedings/The Journal of investigative dermatology symposium proceedings” This review discusses the role of immune privilege collapse in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata, emphasizing the potential for therapeutic manipulation of hair bulb immune privilege to offer new treatment options, and reports no new results.
290 citations
,
December 2017 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This article reviews the epidemiology, clinical evaluation, and pathogenesis of alopecia areata and highlights recent advancements, but it does not report new clinical findings.
348 citations
,
July 2017 in “Skin appendage disorders” This review discusses the use of platelet-rich plasma in dermatology for various applications such as tissue regeneration and wound healing, but it reports no new clinical results and calls for clearer guidance on suitable treatments.
77 citations
,
June 2017 in “Advances in Therapy” This review discusses recent advances and ongoing clinical trials in novel therapeutics for alopecia areata, despite the lack of current FDA-approved treatments for severe cases, and reports no new results.
83 citations
,
June 2017 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” This study observed that most pediatric patients with alopecia areata experienced some hair regrowth after treatment with topical JAK inhibitors, and the formulations were generally well-tolerated with mild lab abnormalities in some cases.
70 citations
,
February 2017 in “Dermatologic Surgery” This study reports that plasma rich in growth factors appeared to improve hair follicle regeneration and patient satisfaction in individuals with androgenetic alopecia, though further trials are needed.
18 citations
,
January 2017 in “Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft” This study reports that sequential high- and low-dose prednisolone therapy effectively promotes complete hair regrowth in 62% of children with severe alopecia areata, while minimizing severe side effects.
33 citations
,
January 2017 in “Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery” This study found that PRP injections improved hair density, quality, and thickness in males with androgenic alopecia compared to placebo, with reported high patient satisfaction and no major side effects.
238 citations
,
November 2016 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” In this study, tofacitinib was reported to improve scalp hair regrowth in patients with severe alopecia areata, alopecia totalis, and alopecia universalis, showing a higher response in alopecia areata.
62 citations
,
October 2016 in “Dermatologic Therapy” This study found that platelet-rich plasma was more effective for treating alopecia areata than topical 5% minoxidil, leading to earlier hair regrowth and reduction in hair abnormalities.
222 citations
,
September 2016 in “JCI insight” This research overview highlights that although JAK inhibitors show promise as potential treatments for alopecia areata based on recent insights into the disease mechanism, their efficacy has not yet been thoroughly evaluated in a systematic manner.
295 citations
,
May 2016 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” This review examines the immunological aspects of alopecia areata, focusing on genetic, neuroimmunological, and immune privilege factors, but does not report new clinical findings.
36 citations
,
April 2016 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” This article reviews the role of vasoactive intestinal peptide in maintaining immune privilege in hair follicles and does not report new findings; the authors propose it as essential for immune homeostasis in alopecia areata.
136 citations
,
April 2016 in “Dermatologic Surgery” This study found that platelet-rich plasma significantly increased hair density and anagen hair proportions in androgenetic alopecia patients, suggesting potential as an adjuvant therapy.
50 citations
,
January 2016 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” This systematic review of pulse corticosteroid therapy for alopecia areata found relatively low complete response rates, but responders experienced low relapse rates, indicating potential benefits for patients with favorable prognostic factors.
65 citations
,
December 2015 in “Experimental dermatology” This study found that both Th1 and Th2 immune responses, along with IL-23 and IL-32 cytokine pathways, are active in alopecia areata lesions, and corticosteroid injections significantly altered these immune markers.
68 citations
,
November 2015 in “The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology” In this study, three patients with extensive alopecia areata showed varying degrees of hair regrowth after 20 weeks of treatment with ustekinumab, a cytokine-targeting therapy.
214 citations
,
September 2015 in “Stem Cells Translational Medicine” This study found that platelet-rich plasma injections significantly increased hair count and density in patients with male pattern hair loss without major side effects, suggesting it may be a safe and effective treatment option.
212 citations
,
September 2015 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This article presents a comprehensive guide for classifying human hair follicle cycle stages in vivo using scalp xenografts on immunocompromised mice, offering valuable resources for researchers in the field.
60 citations
,
September 2015 in “Expert Review of Clinical Immunology” This study suggests that CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes play a crucial role in the development of alopecia areata, based on observations in rodent models that mimic human autoimmune disease.
30 citations
,
August 2015 in “JAAD case reports” This case report describes a patient with corticosteroid-resistant ophiasis alopecia areata who experienced prompt hair regrowth after receiving platelet-rich plasma injections.
176 citations
,
August 2015 in “The journal of allergy and clinical immunology/Journal of allergy and clinical immunology/The journal of allergy and clinical immunology” This study identified a distinct cytokine activation signature in alopecia areata, involving TH2, TH1, IL-23, and IL-9/TH9 pathways, suggesting potential targeting strategies similar to those in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis.
18 citations
,
January 2015 in “International Journal of Trichology” This study found that intralesional steroid treatment led to significantly more hair regrowth in alopecia areata patients than narrow band ultraviolet B therapy, while their combination did not enhance effectiveness.
14 citations
,
January 2015 in “Indian journal of dermatology, venereology, and leprology” This study found that methylprednisolone pulse therapy may be an effective treatment option for patients with severe multifocal alopecia areata, particularly those experiencing their first episode.
61 citations
,
January 2015 in “Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery” This study found that platelet-rich plasma may have a role in treating chronic alopecia areata, but more long-term follow-up studies are needed to confirm its effectiveness and success rate.
74 citations
,
January 2015 in “Asian Journal of Transfusion Science” This study found that platelet-rich plasma injections led to improvements in hair counts, thickness, and strength in patients with androgenic alopecia, showing promise as an effective treatment with no major adverse effects.
45 citations
,
December 2014 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” This study found that plasmacytoid dendritic cells are central to the pathogenesis of alopecia areata, suggesting they may help differentiate it from trichotillomania and androgenetic alopecia.
52 citations
,
September 2014 in “Nature medicine” JAK inhibitors might help treat alopecia areata.
701 citations
,
August 2014 in “Nature medicine” This study found that JAK inhibitors promote hair regrowth in both mice and human alopecia areata cases by blocking key immune pathways involved in disease development.
115 citations
,
January 2014 in “Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery” In this study, PRP injections increased hair count and reduced hair loss in patients with androgenic alopecia not responding to minoxidil and finasteride, with high patient satisfaction reported.
164 citations
,
January 2014 in “Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery” This study found that PRP injections may improve hair density and reduce hair loss in patients with androgenetic alopecia without significant side effects, but further research is needed to confirm efficacy.
205 citations
,
April 2013 in “British Journal of Dermatology” In this study, platelet-rich plasma significantly increased hair regrowth and reduced symptoms of alopecia areata compared to triamcinolone acetonide or placebo, with no observed side effects.
48 citations
,
April 2013 in “Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs” This article reviews emerging treatments for androgenetic alopecia, including topical 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors and prostaglandin modulators, but reports no clinical results and calls for further efficacy evidence, especially for PRP.
88 citations
,
December 2012 in “Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” This study found that interfollicular injection of autologous CD34+ cell-containing PRP preparation improved hair count and thickness in patients with pattern hair loss, with better results than placental extract treatment.
75 citations
,
October 2012 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study developed an animal model that recreates alopecia areata by injecting healthy human skin grafts in immunocompromised mice with peripheral blood mononuclear cells enriched for NKG2D+ and CD56+ cells.
421 citations
,
April 2012 in “The New England Journal of Medicine” Alopecia Areata is an autoimmune condition causing hair loss with no cure and treatments that often don't work well.
67 citations
,
July 2011 in “Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology” This review discusses various therapeutic agents for alopecia areata, categorized by efficacy and safety, and highlights the lack of curative treatments and long-term outcome studies.
717 citations
,
June 2010 in “Nature” This study identified key genetic regions associated with alopecia areata, highlighting both acquired and innate immune involvement, with a novel link to the upregulation of ULBP ligands in autoimmune disease.
244 citations
,
January 2010 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” This review discusses treatment options for alopecia areata and suggests tailored treatment plans, noting the challenges posed by spontaneous remission and limited high-quality clinical trials.
36 citations
,
January 2010 in “International Journal of Trichology” Intralesional steroids can help regrow hair in some alopecia areata patients but have side effects.
45 citations
,
January 2010 in “International journal of trichology” This review examines topical immunotherapy for severe alopecia areata, noting that diphencyprone and squaric acid dibutylester are non-mutagenic options with similar efficacy but different practical considerations, and reports no new clinical results.
37 citations
,
January 2010 in “International Journal of Trichology” In this 1-year study of patients with alopecia areata universalis, researchers found that 0.03% topical bimatoprost led to an acceptable cosmetic response in 43.24% of participants.
50 citations
,
December 2009 in “Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” This study found that latanoprost may be effective for treating eyelash alopecia areata, achieving cosmetically acceptable regrowth in 45% of patients.
60 citations
,
October 2009 in “PubMed” This study reports that intralesional triamcinolone acetonide was effective and well-tolerated for treating extensive alopecia areata in patients who often showed specific initial hair characteristics.
55 citations
,
March 2009 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This study found that latanoprost and bimatoprost, when applied cutaneously to the eyelids, did not induce appreciable eyelash regrowth in patients with alopecia areata over 16 weeks.
37 citations
,
March 2009 in “Hair transplant forum international” This small study observed that infusing platelet rich plasma into the scalp reversed hair miniaturization and stimulated new hair growth in patients with androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata over 8 months.
59 citations
,
September 2008 in “Experimental dermatology” This study reports that C3H/HeJ mice and DEBR rats serve as effective models for screening potential treatments for human alopecia areata, despite certain challenges in predictability and cost.
253 citations
,
December 2007 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study suggests that human hair follicles may actively suppress natural killer cells, which contrasts with the observed defects in NK cell regulation in alopecia areata.
159 citations
,
November 2007 in “American Journal of Pathology” In this study, researchers found that substance P triggered premature catagen development and immune changes in human scalp hair follicles, providing a possible biological link between stress and hair loss conditions like telogen effluvium and alopecia areata.
286 citations
,
August 2007 in “Journal of Clinical Investigation” This review examines the interplay of genetics and neuroimmunology in alopecia areata, highlighting its potential to inform broader autoimmunity research, but reports no new findings.
100 citations
,
July 2006 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This study found that intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injections using a needleless injector led to rapid hair regrowth in patients with limited alopecia areata, while lasting growth was rare in alopecia totalis.
37 citations
,
November 2003 in “Veterinary pathology” This study showed that in C3H/HeJ mice, focal follicular inflammation starts before overt hair loss, with inflammation severity possibly reaching a threshold causing hair follicle dystrophy prior to visible hair loss.
114 citations
,
August 2002 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Alopecia areata is caused by an immune response, and targeting immune cells might help treat it.
118 citations
,
April 1998 in “Dermatologic Clinics” This review discusses the advancements in understanding and treating androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata but reports no clinical findings; the authors emphasize the need for further research on molecular control mechanisms.
84 citations
,
August 1991 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This study found that 67% of children treated with diphencyprone for alopecia areata or alopecia totalis regrew scalp hair, with 33% achieving complete regrowth.
78 citations
,
July 1984 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”
