19 citations
,
January 2021 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” This study reported that some pediatric patients with alopecia areata experienced hair regrowth with dupilumab treatment, particularly those with concomitant atopic dermatitis, suggesting dupilumab may be beneficial when traditional therapies fail.
9 citations
,
December 2020 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This study found that platelet-rich plasma had limited efficacy in treating alopecia areata but may help restore immune balance in the affected areas.
47 citations
,
December 2020 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” This article reviews the classification, diagnosis, and management of hair disorders, emphasizing the role of trichoscopy and early diagnosis for effective treatment but reports no new clinical findings.
15 citations
,
October 2020 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” This review discusses the potential use of platelet-rich plasma for treating alopecia areata but reports no new experimental findings, noting the need for standardized protocols and larger studies to evaluate its efficacy.
23 citations
,
September 2020 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” This pilot study suggests that skin-resident γδT-cells may play a significant role in the early stages of alopecia areata pathogenesis, indicating a potential new target for therapeutic management.
134 citations
,
July 2020 in “Experimental dermatology” This review discusses immune privilege in anagen hair follicles and its collapse in alopecia areata, emphasizing the importance of restoring this function for effective management and disease relapse prevention.
13 citations
,
April 2020 in “European Journal of Dermatology” This study found that apremilast treatment did not result in sustained improvement for most patients with treatment-resistant alopecia areata, although one patient experienced significant benefit.
59 citations
,
March 2020 in “Journal of Biomedical Science” This study explored the complex roles of niche cells in regulating hair follicle stem cells, identifying specific cell functions such as signaling, sensing, and relaying messages, which could provide insights into treating hair loss conditions like androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata.
19 citations
,
December 2019 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” This study suggests that intralesional triamcinolone acetonide at a concentration of 5 mg/mL may offer the best balance of effectiveness and safety for treating focal alopecia areata.
277 citations
,
December 2019 in “Frontiers in Immunology” This review discusses the immunological basis and development of Janus kinase inhibitors for treating skin diseases and reports no new clinical findings.
124 citations
,
October 2019 in “Frontiers in Immunology” This review discusses the role of the JAK-STAT pathway in autoimmune skin diseases and suggests potential therapeutic benefits of JAK inhibitors, but reports no new experimental results.
23 citations
,
September 2019 in “Dermatology practical & conceptual” This study analyzed the features of alopecia areata incognita and diffuse alopecia areata, finding distinct patterns in hair loss regions and trichoscopic signs, and noted a benign course responsive to topical steroid therapy.
20 citations
,
June 2019 in “Archives of dermatological research” In this study, combination therapy with DPCP and anthralin promoted hair regrowth in 40.62% of alopecia areata patients who were unresponsive to DPCP alone, with response improving over longer treatment durations.
45 citations
,
April 2019 in “International Immunology” This review discusses the mechanisms behind alopecia areata and primary cicatricial alopecia and reports no new clinical results, aiming to guide the development of targeted treatments.
29 citations
,
March 2019 in “JEADV. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology/Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” This study found that the severity, duration, and relapse rate of alopecia areata decreased with older age at onset, while relapses mostly occurred early and declined over time.
20 citations
,
March 2019 in “Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” In this study, 5% minoxidil significantly improved outcomes for children and adults with patchy alopecia areata compared to placebo, with moderate quality evidence and no severe adverse events reported, though more research is needed to address remaining uncertainties.
56 citations
,
January 2019 in “Skin appendage disorders” In this multicenter study, androgenetic alopecia was the most common type of alopecia among both men and women attending specialty hair clinics on four continents.
66 citations
,
December 2018 in “Dermatology” This study found that oral JAK inhibitors, ruxolitinib and tofacitinib, are effective and well-tolerated for treating severe alopecia areata, with a similar degree of hair regrowth and relapse rates, but ruxolitinib induced faster initial hair regrowth.
7 citations
,
November 2018 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” This study aimed to characterize alopecia areata patients experiencing poliosis by comparing their clinical parameters to those without poliosis.
42 citations
,
November 2018 in “Archives of dermatological research” Apremilast was not effective in treating moderate-to-severe alopecia areata.
41 citations
,
September 2018 in “Australasian journal of dermatology” This review suggests that oral prednisolone pulse therapy and oral inosiplex may be effective for alopecia areata, but robust evidence from randomized controlled trials is lacking, highlighting the need for better-designed future studies.
89 citations
,
August 2018 in “JAMA Dermatology” This study found that the level of expected therapeutic regrowth significantly affected hair regrowth outcomes in contact immunotherapy for alopecia areata, suggesting implications for patient education and adherence.
100 citations
,
July 2018 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This study found that alopecia areata is linked with a higher prevalence of systemic and psychiatric diseases, suggesting that physicians should monitor for these potential comorbidities.
53 citations
,
July 2018 in “Drug design, development and therapy” This review summarizes existing evidence on the efficacy and safety of JAK inhibitors for treating alopecia areata and emphasizes the need for improved topical formulations.
12 citations
,
May 2018 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” This review found insufficient evidence to determine methotrexate's effectiveness for maintaining regrowth in extensive alopecia areata, and suggests its potential role in inducing regrowth when combined with corticosteroids.
48 citations
,
April 2018 in “JEADV. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology/Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” This study found that individuals with alopecia areata had significantly lower serum vitamin D levels and a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency compared to people without the condition.
89 citations
,
March 2018 in “The Journal of Dermatology” This review presents various trichoscopic findings for diagnosing alopecia areata but reports no new clinical results, emphasizing that no single marker is pathognomonic and multiple features should be considered together.
27 citations
,
March 2018 in “Allergy and asthma proceedings” This study found that Israeli patients with alopecia areata had a higher prevalence of comorbid conditions, including food allergies and chronic spontaneous urticaria, compared to matched controls.
130 citations
,
February 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that tofacitinib led to ≥50% hair regrowth in eight out of twelve patients with moderate to severe alopecia areata, suggesting a potential benefit for using JAK inhibitors in treating this condition.
45 citations
,
January 2018 in “International Journal of Dermatology” This review explores nail changes associated with alopecia areata, noting their prevalence and impact on appearance and function, but reports no new clinical findings; the authors call for larger controlled trials.
19 citations
,
January 2018 Most people with alopecia areata have nail changes, which are common but don't greatly affect their quality of life.
51 citations
,
December 2017 in “Skin Appendage Disorders” This review examines the literature on autoimmune hair loss disorders, highlighting the collapse of immune privilege and the potential role of neurogenic stress in this process, but reports no new clinical results.
102 citations
,
December 2017 in “The journal of investigative dermatology. Symposium proceedings/The Journal of investigative dermatology symposium proceedings” This review discusses the role of immune privilege collapse in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata, emphasizing the potential for therapeutic manipulation of hair bulb immune privilege to offer new treatment options, and reports no new results.
35 citations
,
October 2017 in “JAMA dermatology” This study recommends limiting routine thyroid function screening to children with alopecia areata who have medical histories of Down syndrome, atopy, or family histories of thyroid disease.
83 citations
,
June 2017 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” This study observed that most pediatric patients with alopecia areata experienced some hair regrowth after treatment with topical JAK inhibitors, and the formulations were generally well-tolerated with mild lab abnormalities in some cases.
15 citations
,
May 2017 in “JEADV. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology/Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” This article is a letter to the editor about high-dose pulsed corticosteroid therapy combined with methotrexate for severe childhood alopecia areata and provides no new clinical results.
63 citations
,
May 2017 in “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology” This review found that patients with alopecia areata may have lower levels of vitamin D, zinc, and folate, but conflicting evidence precludes definitive clinical recommendations for micronutrient supplementation.
14 citations
,
April 2017 in “Dermatology practical & conceptual” This study reports that yellow dots in a higher number per field of vision were the most consistent dermoscopic finding in severe cases of alopecia areata.
56 citations
,
March 2017 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Alopecia areata patients often have eczema, thyroid issues, vitamin-D deficiency, and anemia.
39 citations
,
January 2017 in “Dermatologic Therapy” This study found that topical calcipotriol lotion resulted in hair regrowth in 59.1% of alopecia areata patients, with better response observed in those with lower serum vitamin D levels.
24 citations
,
January 2017 in “Pediatric dermatology” This study found that 1% anthralin ointment effectively promoted hair growth in children with chronic, severe alopecia areata, showing complete or partial responses in 70% of participants over 12 months, without serious adverse events.
13 citations
,
January 2017 in “Annals of dermatology/Annals of Dermatology” In this study, simvastatin/ezetimibe treatment led to partial hair regrowth in about 29% of patients with recalcitrant alopecia areata, suggesting it may be a viable alternative therapy for this condition.
23 citations
,
September 2016 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” This study found no significant association between vitamin D intake or estimated vitamin D status and the risk of developing alopecia areata among women.
222 citations
,
September 2016 in “JCI insight” This research overview highlights that although JAK inhibitors show promise as potential treatments for alopecia areata based on recent insights into the disease mechanism, their efficacy has not yet been thoroughly evaluated in a systematic manner.
196 citations
,
September 2016 in “JCI insight” This study explored the effectiveness of the oral JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib in treating patients with moderate-to-severe alopecia areata, building on prior success with JAK inhibitors in mice, but results are not reported in this abstract.
128 citations
,
February 2016 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This study found that patients with alopecia areata experience significant impairments in health-related quality of life, notably affecting mental health, according to various quality of life assessment tools.
28 citations
,
January 2016 in “Dermatology” This study observed that methotrexate combined with low- to moderate-dose oral corticosteroids may effectively treat severe alopecia areata, though long-term maintenance is often necessary due to relapse after tapering.
55 citations
,
October 2015 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Alopecia areata is linked to immune-related genes, suggesting JAK inhibitors as a potential treatment.
60 citations
,
September 2015 in “Expert Review of Clinical Immunology” This study suggests that CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes play a crucial role in the development of alopecia areata, based on observations in rodent models that mimic human autoimmune disease.
28 citations
,
July 2015 in “Dermatologic therapy” This study found that combining topical and oral pulse corticosteroid therapy for severe alopecia areata in children led to long-lasting hair regrowth, especially in AA plurifocalis, with no serious side effects reported.
52 citations
,
July 2015 in “International Journal of Dermatology” This study found that patients with alopecia areata had significantly lower serum zinc levels, which correlated inversely with disease severity, duration, and resistance to therapies, suggesting zinc assessment as a marker of disease status.
44 citations
,
August 2014 in “Anais brasileiros de dermatologia/Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia” This study found that methotrexate may be an effective and safe treatment option for severe alopecia areata, with better regrowth results when combined with corticosteroids.
701 citations
,
August 2014 in “Nature medicine” This study found that JAK inhibitors promote hair regrowth in both mice and human alopecia areata cases by blocking key immune pathways involved in disease development.
53 citations
,
September 2013 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study suggests that cultured hair follicle dermal sheath cup cells exhibit immune privilege properties, partly through the expression of PD-L1, which impacts co-cultured immune cells' behavior.
205 citations
,
April 2013 in “British Journal of Dermatology” In this study, platelet-rich plasma significantly increased hair regrowth and reduced symptoms of alopecia areata compared to triamcinolone acetonide or placebo, with no observed side effects.
27 citations
,
January 2013 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” This study identified somatostatin as a potential secretory factor contributing to the immune privilege of human hair follicles.
73 citations
,
January 2013 in “Annals of Dermatology” This study observed that patients with various types of hair loss had significantly lower serum zinc levels compared to healthy controls, suggesting zinc disturbance may play a role in the condition.
13 citations
,
November 2012 in “Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” This study found that topical clobetasol propionate cream provided a modest improvement in hair regrowth for alopecia areata patients, though those with atopy had higher relapse rates after treatment completion.
218 citations
,
April 2012 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This updated guideline from the British Association of Dermatologists discusses current recommendations for managing alopecia areata but reports no new clinical research findings.
245 citations
,
March 2012 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This review discusses the dermoscopic features of common hair and scalp disorders and reports no new clinical results, aiming to assist dermatologists in diagnosing conditions like tinea capitis and alopecia areata.
34 citations
,
February 2012 in “Journal of Cutaneous Pathology” This research retrospectively evaluated 92 skin specimens to propose histopathological criteria for diagnosing alopecia areata incognito, distinguishing it from telogen effluvium and androgenetic alopecia.
21 citations
,
February 2012 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” This study found that late-onset alopecia areata is more common in women and tends to present with milder symptoms, with some patients achieving complete hair regrowth in mild cases.
38 citations
,
January 2012 in “Journal of Korean Medical Science” This study found that early-onset patients with alopecia universalis or a family history of alopecia areata showed worse prognosis compared to those with late-onset.
39 citations
,
January 2012 in “Dermatology” In this study, the combination of pulse intravenous corticosteroids and methotrexate was associated with positive hair regrowth in severe alopecia areata patients, with half achieving total regrowth.
66 citations
,
May 2011 in “Dermatologic therapy” This report discusses guidelines for designing alopecia clinical trials that account for variables affecting results, but it presents no new efficacy findings.
70 citations
,
April 2011 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” This retrospective study found that methotrexate had variable efficacy in treating severe alopecia areata in children, with successful hair regrowth observed in five out of thirteen assessable cases.
10 citations
,
February 2011 in “Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft” This article reviews structured management strategies for diagnosing and treating hair and scalp disorders, offering clinical guidelines and emphasizing the importance of psychosomatic care and patient-therapist communication.
717 citations
,
June 2010 in “Nature” This study identified key genetic regions associated with alopecia areata, highlighting both acquired and innate immune involvement, with a novel link to the upregulation of ULBP ligands in autoimmune disease.
61 citations
,
June 2010 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” This study highlights cases of alopecia areata that developed during anti-TNF-α therapy, suggesting a potential link or increased frequency, particularly among individuals with a personal or family history of autoimmune diseases.
56 citations
,
June 2010 in “Clinical and experimental dermatology” In this study, coudability hairs were identified as a useful marker for assessing disease activity in patients with alopecia areata and may serve as an alternative to the hair-pull test.
98 citations
,
February 2010 in “Dermatology Online Journal” This article outlines the potential for upregulating the vitamin D receptor in treating hair disorders, emphasizing the need for further studies to evaluate vitamin D's role in the hair cycle.
36 citations
,
January 2010 in “Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism” This study identified a novel nonsense mutation in the VDR gene in two patients with hereditary vitamin D resistant rickets and alopecia, leading to resistance to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3.
37 citations
,
January 2010 in “International Journal of Trichology” In this 1-year study of patients with alopecia areata universalis, researchers found that 0.03% topical bimatoprost led to an acceptable cosmetic response in 43.24% of participants.
170 citations
,
December 2009 in “Histopathology” This review discusses the histopathological diagnosis of scarring and non-scarring alopecias, emphasizing the importance of adequate tissue sampling and clinical information; it reports no new empirical results.
50 citations
,
December 2009 in “Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” This study found that latanoprost may be effective for treating eyelash alopecia areata, achieving cosmetically acceptable regrowth in 45% of patients.
17 citations
,
November 2009 in “Dermato-endocrinology” This study found that a series of three monthly courses of medium-dose prednisolone pulse therapy was effective and well tolerated in most patients with active, multifocal alopecia areata but not in those with totalis/universalis.
43 citations
,
November 2009 in “Archives of dermatology” This study found that alefacept showed no significant improvement in treating severe alopecia areata compared to placebo over a 24-week period.
60 citations
,
October 2009 in “Dermatology” This article proposes a hypothesis for alopecia areata hair loss patterns and provides epidemiological evidence supporting distinct hair loss characteristics between general cases and those with androgenetic alopecia; it presents no new clinical results.
55 citations
,
March 2009 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This study found that latanoprost and bimatoprost, when applied cutaneously to the eyelids, did not induce appreciable eyelash regrowth in patients with alopecia areata over 16 weeks.
64 citations
,
November 2008 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This study observed that acute diffuse and total alopecia, a subtype of alopecia areata, typically resolves rapidly and spontaneously within about six months, even without treatment, suggesting a favorable prognosis.
23 citations
,
July 2008 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” This review discusses the use of contact sensitizers for topical immunotherapy in dermatological conditions such as alopecia areata and viral warts, but it reports no new clinical findings.
196 citations
,
June 2008 in “International Journal of Dermatology” This study found that dermoscopic indicators like black dots and tapering hairs are valuable markers for diagnosing and assessing the severity and activity of alopecia areata in Asian patients.
253 citations
,
December 2007 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study suggests that human hair follicles may actively suppress natural killer cells, which contrasts with the observed defects in NK cell regulation in alopecia areata.
159 citations
,
November 2007 in “American Journal of Pathology” In this study, researchers found that substance P triggered premature catagen development and immune changes in human scalp hair follicles, providing a possible biological link between stress and hair loss conditions like telogen effluvium and alopecia areata.
143 citations
,
January 2007 in “The American Journal of Human Genetics” This study identified four genetic loci on chromosomes 6, 10, 16, and 18 that may contribute to susceptibility for alopecia areata and suggested shared genetic factors with psoriasis.
114 citations
,
October 2006 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” In this study, clobetasol propionate foam demonstrated effectiveness and good patient compliance as a safe topical treatment for moderate to severe alopecia areata, with significant hair regrowth compared to placebo.
22 citations
,
August 2006 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” This article reports on twice-weekly 5 mg betamethasone oral pulse therapy for alopecia areata but provides no clinical results.
97 citations
,
January 2006 in “Dermatology” This study found that intramuscular triamcinolone acetonide or pulse therapy effectively treats alopecia areata with manageable side effects, but further strategies are needed to reduce relapse rates.
141 citations
,
February 2005 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” In this study, oral prednisolone pulse therapy led to significant hair regrowth in some patients with extensive alopecia areata, whereas no improvement was seen in the placebo group.
66 citations
,
July 2003 in “International Journal of Dermatology” This study found that betamethasone valerate foam was more effective and well-tolerated than betamethasone dipropionate lotion in treating mild-to-moderate alopecia areata, with higher hair regrowth rates observed.
146 citations
,
July 2003 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” In this study, clobetasol propionate 0.05% ointment was found to induce hair regrowth in 28.5% of patients with severe alopecia areata under occlusive conditions, though long-term benefit was limited to 17.8%.
39 citations
,
April 2003 in “Australasian journal of dermatology” This study found that PUVA treatment resulted in complete hair regrowth in over half of patients with alopecia areata totalis or universalis, despite a higher treatment failure rate in those with a family history of the condition.
275 citations
,
November 2002 in “International Journal of Dermatology” This study found that among an Asian population with alopecia areata, commonly first episodes occurred before age 40, with severe cases linked to psychological effects and treatments showing significant regrowth.
180 citations
,
January 2002 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” This study observed that vitamin D receptor knockout mice exhibit impaired epidermal differentiation and progressive hair loss, suggesting the importance of the vitamin D receptor in normal skin and hair follicle development.
59 citations
,
January 2002 in “Dermatology” This study suggests the existence of a new subtype of alopecia, called 'acute diffuse and total alopecia of the female scalp (ADTAFS)', characterized by acute, diffuse hair loss primarily in women and a rapid recovery.
139 citations
,
September 2001 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” This case report describes a patient with mutations in both alleles of the vitamin D receptor who exhibited hair loss clinically indistinguishable from generalized atrichia with papules, suggesting a potential genetic pathway shared with the hairless gene.
65 citations
,
September 1999 in “The Journal of Dermatology” In this study, complete to excellent hair regrowth was observed in 63.3% of patients with extensive alopecia areata treated with biweekly dexamethasone pulses, although mild side effects were frequent.
105 citations
,
December 1995 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” This retrospective study concluded that PUVA treatment is generally ineffective for alopecia areata, with low effective success rates for partialis, totalis, and universalis types.
164 citations
,
November 1989 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” This retrospective study found that juvenile alopecia areata is more severe and has a worse prognosis than maturity-onset alopecia areata.
109 citations
,
November 1987 in “Archives of dermatology” In this study, 0.5%-1.0% anthralin cream led to a cosmetic response in 25% of patients with severe alopecia areata, despite common side effects like pruritus and erythema.
75 citations
,
September 1971 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This study found that both intralesional triamcinolone acetonide and triamcinolone hexacetonide promote continuous hair growth in alopecia areata, with effects lasting at least 9 months after a single injection.
