The Pattern and Profile of Alopecia Areata in Singapore: A Study of 219 Asians

The study of 219 Asians with alopecia areata in Singapore from May 1998 to April 1999 found an incidence rate of 3.8%, with a higher prevalence in Chinese (79%) compared to Indians (16%) and Malays (5%). The male to female ratio was 1:1.3, and the median age at presentation was 25.2 years. Most patients (85.5%) experienced their first episode before age 40, with younger patients more likely to have extensive alopecia. Nail changes were observed in 10.5% of patients, and 60.7% had a personal or family history of atopy. Associated diseases included thyroid disease (2.3%), vitiligo (4.1%), and diabetes mellitus (3.2%). Intralesional triamcinolone acetonide and squaric acid dibutyl ester were effective treatments, with significant regrowth observed in the majority of patients. Poor prognostic factors included extensive involvement, early onset, and Down's syndrome. Psychological impacts were more severe in males with extensive alopecia. The study concluded that alopecia areata predominantly affects young individuals and emphasized the importance of a holistic management approach due to its significant psychological effects.