Lymphocytes, Neuropeptides, And Genes Involved In Alopecia Areata

The document reviewed alopecia areata (AA) as a T cell–mediated autoimmune disease affecting hair follicles, characterized by the collapse of immune privilege. It highlighted the role of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in attacking hair follicles, often triggered by IFN-γ, and the genetic associations with HLA genes and others like MICA and PTPN22. Stress and neuropeptides were suggested to contribute to hair growth inhibition. The research emphasized the complex interplay between genetic predisposition and immune factors, with potential therapeutic approaches focusing on reestablishing immune privilege using cytokines. Animal models, such as SCID and C3H/HeJ mice, were used to study AA, and treatments like cyclosporin A and topical agents showed potential, though evidence-based guidelines were lacking.