Alopecia Areata Profiling Shows TH1, TH2, and IL-23 Cytokine Activation Without Parallel TH17/TH22 Skewing

    Mayte Suárez‐Fariñas, Benjamin Ungar, Shinichi Noda, Anjali Shroff, Yasaman Mansouri, Judilyn Fuentes‐Duculan, Annette Czernik, Xiuzhong Zheng, Yeriel Estrada, Hui Xu, Xiangyu Peng, Avner Shemer, James G. Krueger, Mark Lebwohl, Emma Guttman‐Yassky
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    TLDR Alopecia areata involves immune activation in the scalp, suggesting treatments targeting TH1, TH2, and IL-23 pathways.
    The study on alopecia areata (AA) revealed significant cytokine activation in the scalp, particularly involving TH1, TH2, IL-23, and IL-9/TH9 pathways, without a corresponding increase in TH17/TH22 markers. Researchers analyzed 27 lesional and 17 nonlesional scalp samples from AA patients, comparing them with normal samples and those from atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis patients. They identified 734 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between lesional and nonlesional samples and 4230 DEGs between lesional and normal samples, highlighting immune activation and suppression of hair keratin genes. Greater scalp involvement correlated with more pronounced immune and keratin dysregulation. The findings suggested potential therapeutic strategies targeting TH2, TH1, and IL-23 pathways, similar to approaches used in psoriasis and AD.
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