An Overview of JAK/STAT Pathways and JAK Inhibition in Alopecia Areata

    August 2022 in “ Frontiers in immunology
    Maddison Lensing, Ali Jabbari
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    TLDR Blocking JAK/STAT pathways can help treat hair loss from alopecia areata.
    Alopecia Areata (AA) is an autoimmune condition causing hair loss due to the collapse of immune privilege in hair follicles and subsequent T cell infiltration. The condition's progression involves a shift in the follicular microenvironment towards inflammation, driven by cytokines, particularly interferon-γ (IFNγ) and common gamma chain (γc) cytokines like IL-2, IL-7, and IL-15. These cytokines operate through JAK/STAT pathways, which have become targets for therapeutic intervention. Small molecule JAK inhibitors have been reported to induce hair regrowth in AA patients, with clinical trials showing promising results. The JAK inhibitor baricitinib has been FDA-approved for AA treatment as of June 2022, marking a significant advancement in AA therapeutics. This review focuses on the role of JAK/STAT signaling in AA and the potential clinical benefits of targeting these pathways.
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