Advances in Hair Growth

January 2022 in “ Faculty reviews ”

Dmitri Wall, Nekma Meah, Nicole Fagan, Katherine York, Rodney Sinclair

androgenetic alopecia AGA anagen phase catagen phase miniaturisation finasteride minoxidil dihydrotestosterone DHT microneedling low-level laser light platelet-rich plasma PRP fractional lasers cellular therapy Wnt activators SFRP1 antagonism Propecia Rogaine

TLDR The best long-lasting results in treating hair loss may be achieved through combination therapy, including treatments like finasteride, minoxidil, and platelet-rich plasma injections.

The document reviews the complex mechanisms of hair growth and loss, and discusses current and emerging treatments for hair disorders, particularly androgenetic alopecia (AGA). The human scalp typically has 100,000 hair follicles, with hair length determined by the duration of the anagen (growth) phase. Treatments aim to promote this phase, delay the catagen (regression) phase, and prevent or reverse miniaturisation in AGA. Widely recognized treatments include finasteride and minoxidil, with finasteride inhibiting the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and effectively increasing hair count. Other therapies include microneedling, low-level laser light, platelet-rich plasma, fractional lasers, cellular therapy, Wnt activators, and SFRP1 antagonism. A study of 26 patients showed significant increases in hair density and count with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections, and a meta-analysis of 10 studies (165 participants) found PRP beneficial in AGA. The document concludes that combination therapy may provide the best long-lasting results in AGA treatment.

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research Topical Finasteride for the Treatment of Male Androgenetic Alopecia and Female Pattern Hair Loss: A Review of the Current Literature

13 citations , June 2020 in “Journal of Dermatological Treatment”

Topical finasteride helps regrow hair and reduce hair loss in men and women.

research Stromal Vascular Fraction-Enriched Platelet-Rich Plasma Therapy Reverses the Effects of Androgenetic Alopecia

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SVF-PRP therapy effectively reverses hair loss effects.

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research Trichologic Response of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Androgenetic Alopecia Is Maintained During Combination Therapy

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PRP therapy improves hair density and thickness in AGA patients, even with other treatments.

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Differences in gene expression and methylation patterns found in AGA patients suggest potential targets for future treatments.

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research Comparative Effectiveness of Low-Level Laser Therapy for Adult Androgenic Alopecia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

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research Low-Dose Daily Aspirin Reduces Topical Minoxidil Efficacy in Androgenetic Alopecia Patients

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research Regulation of Hair Follicle Development by Exosomes Derived from Dermal Papilla Cells

87 citations , June 2018 in “Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications”

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research Microneedling for the Treatment of Hair Loss

58 citations , April 2018 in “Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology”

Microneedling can help stimulate hair growth, especially when used with other treatments, but it's not better than existing therapies.

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research Minoxidil Promotes Hair Growth Through Stimulation of Growth Factor Release from Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

42 citations , February 2018 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

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research A Preliminary Study on Topical Cetirizine in the Therapeutic Management of Androgenetic Alopecia

21 citations , February 2018 in “Journal of Dermatological Treatment”

Topical cetirizine improves hair density and thickness in androgenetic alopecia, but more research is needed.

research New-Generation Therapies for the Treatment of Hair Loss in Men

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research Female Pattern Hair Loss: A Pilot Study Investigating Combination Therapy with Low-Dose Oral Minoxidil and Spironolactone

80 citations , January 2018 in “International Journal of Dermatology”

Low-dose oral minoxidil and spironolactone combo effectively reduces hair loss and improves hair density in women.

research Prostanoids and Hair Follicles: Implications for Therapy of Hair Disorders

16 citations , January 2018 in “Acta dermato-venereologica”

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27 citations , October 2017 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

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64 citations , September 2017 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology”

PRP treatment may increase hair density and reduce hair loss, but more research is needed.

research Further Clinical Evidence for the Effect of IGF-1 on Hair Growth and Alopecia

29 citations , August 2017 in “Skin appendage disorders”

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25 citations , August 2017 in “Lasers in Medical Science”

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research A Review of Platelet-Rich Plasma: History, Biology, Mechanism of Action, and Classification

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38 citations , March 2017 in “Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs”

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research A Mechanistic Model of Platelet-Rich Plasma Treatment for Androgenetic Alopecia

60 citations , December 2016 in “Dermatologic Surgery”

PRP treatment may stimulate hair growth by promoting blood vessel formation, increasing growth factors, and preventing cell death.

research Minoxidil Dose Response Study in Female Pattern Hair Loss Patients Determined to Be Non-Responders to 5% Topical Minoxidil

4 citations , October 2016 in “PubMed”

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46 citations , April 2016 in “Experimental Dermatology”

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research Randomized Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Half-Head Study to Assess the Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma on the Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia

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PRP treatment helps hair growth and density in androgenetic alopecia patients.

research Advances in Understanding Hair Growth

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research A Guide to Studying Human Hair Follicle Cycling In Vivo

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research Low-Level Laser Therapy and Hair Regrowth: An Evidence-Based Review

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Low-level laser therapy is safe and can increase hair growth for male and female pattern hair loss.

research The Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Hair Regrowth: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial

214 citations , September 2015 in “Stem Cells Translational Medicine”

Platelet-rich plasma injections significantly improved hair regrowth and thickness in patients with hair loss.

research Androgenetic Alopecia: New Insights Into the Pathogenesis and Mechanism of Hair Loss

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Minoxidil foam 5% effectively treats hair loss in both frontal and vertex scalp regions.

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83 citations , June 2015 in “International Journal of Dermatology”

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research Promising Alternative Clinical Uses of Prostaglandin F2α Analogs: Beyond the Eyelashes

31 citations , April 2015 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

Prostaglandin F2α analogs show promise for treating certain types of hair loss but need more research for other skin conditions.

research Clinical Utility and Validity of Minoxidil Response Testing in Androgenetic Alopecia

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Minoxidil response testing helps treat hair loss effectively and safely.

research Therapeutic Efficacy of Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma and Polydeoxyribonucleotide on Female Pattern Hair Loss

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research Platelet-Rich Plasma for Androgenetic Alopecia

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research Emerging Interactions Between Skin Stem Cells and Their Niches

426 citations , August 2014 in “Nature Medicine”

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research Sulfotransferase Activity in Plucked Hair Follicles Predicts Response to Topical Minoxidil in the Treatment of Female Androgenetic Alopecia

20 citations , July 2014 in “Dermatologic Therapy”

Sulfotransferase in hair follicles helps predict how well minoxidil works for female hair loss.

research Destruction of the Arrector Pili Muscle and Fat Infiltration in Androgenic Alopecia

35 citations , June 2014 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

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research 7-Phloroeckol Promotes Hair Growth on Human Follicles In Vitro

17 citations , May 2014 in “Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology”

7-Phloroeckol from brown algae may help hair grow.

research Novel Enzymatic Assay Predicts Minoxidil Response in the Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia

27 citations , May 2014 in “Dermatologic Therapy”

New test predicts if hair loss treatment will work.

research Topical Valproic Acid Increases Hair Count in Male Patients with Androgenetic Alopecia: A Randomized, Comparative, Clinical Feasibility Study Using Phototrichogram Analysis

37 citations , April 2014 in “Journal of Dermatology”

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147 citations , January 2014 in “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology”

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research Low-Level Light Therapy for Androgenetic Alopecia: A 24-Week, Randomized, Double-Blind, Sham Device-Controlled Multicenter Trial

106 citations , August 2013 in “Dermatologic Surgery”

Low-level light therapy safely improves hair growth and thickness for androgenetic alopecia.

research Treatment of Eyebrow Hypotrichosis Using Bimatoprost: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Vehicle-Controlled Pilot Study

22 citations , July 2013 in “Dermatologic surgery”

Bimatoprost effectively and safely improves eyebrow appearance.

research Proteomic Analysis of Balding and Non-Balding Mesenchyme-Derived Dermal Papilla Cells from Androgenetic Alopecia Patients Using Online Two-Dimensional Reversed Phase-Reversed Phase LC-MS/MS

11 citations , June 2013 in “Journal of Proteomics”

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research Effects of Topical Application of Growth Factors Followed by Microneedle Therapy in Women with Female Pattern Hair Loss: A Pilot Study

34 citations , January 2013 in “Journal of Dermatology”

Growth factors and microneedle therapy increase hair density in women with hair loss.

research Hair Growth-Promoting Effects of Adiponectin In Vitro

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research The Prostamide-Related Glaucoma Therapy, Bimatoprost, Offers a Novel Approach for Treating Scalp Alopecias

53 citations , October 2012 in “The FASEB Journal”

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research Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma: A Potential Therapeutic Tool for Promoting Hair Growth

270 citations , July 2012 in “Dermatologic Surgery”

Platelet-rich plasma can potentially promote hair growth by stimulating cell growth and increasing certain proteins.

research Efficacy and Safety of Bimatoprost 0.03% Versus Minoxidil 3% in Enhancement of Eyebrows: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Split-Face Comparative Study

17 citations , May 2012 in “Journal of dermatology”

Bimatoprost is slightly more effective than minoxidil for eyebrow growth, and both are safe.

research A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study to Assess the Efficacy of a 24-Week Topical Treatment by Latanoprost 0.1% on Hair Growth and Pigmentation in Healthy Volunteers with Androgenetic Alopecia

81 citations , May 2012 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

Latanoprost 0.1% may effectively treat hair loss.

research Valproic Acid Induces Hair Regeneration in Murine Model and Activates Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Human Dermal Papilla Cells

85 citations , April 2012 in “PLOS ONE”

Valproic Acid helps regrow hair in mice and activates a hair growth marker in human cells.

research Prostaglandin D2 Inhibits Hair Growth and Is Elevated in Bald Scalp of Men with Androgenetic Alopecia

205 citations , March 2012 in “Science Translational Medicine”

PGD2 stops hair growth and is higher in bald men with AGA.

research Topical Bimatoprost for the Treatment of Eyebrow Hypotrichosis

11 citations , January 2012 in “PubMed”

Bimatoprost can help grow eyebrow hair.

research Paracrine TGF-β Signaling Counterbalances BMP-Mediated Repression in Hair Follicle Stem Cell Activation

321 citations , January 2012 in “Cell stem cell”

TGF-β2 helps activate hair follicle stem cells by counteracting BMP signals.

research The Effect of a 1550 Nm Fractional Erbium-Glass Laser in Female Pattern Hair Loss

47 citations , December 2011 in “Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology”

Laser treatment increases hair density and thickness safely in women with hair loss.

research Hair Regrowth Following a Wnt- and Follistatin-Containing Treatment: Safety and Efficacy in a First-in-Man Phase 1 Clinical Trial

16 citations , November 2011 in “PubMed”

The treatment improved hair growth in people with male pattern baldness.

research Adipocyte Lineage Cells Contribute to the Skin Stem Cell Niche to Drive Hair Cycling

499 citations , September 2011 in “Cell”

Fat-related cells are important for initiating hair growth.

research Finasteride, 1 Mg Daily Administration on Male Androgenetic Alopecia in Different Age Groups: 10-Year Follow-Up

44 citations , July 2011 in “Dermatologic Therapy”

Finasteride effectively increases hair growth in men with AGA, works better for those over 30, and may cause some side effects.

research Fractional Photothermolysis Laser Treatment of Male Pattern Hair Loss

50 citations , January 2011 in “Dermatologic Surgery”

Laser treatment can stimulate hair growth for male pattern hair loss.

research Efficacy and Safety of Finasteride Therapy for Androgenetic Alopecia

152 citations , October 2010 in “Archives of Dermatology”

Finasteride helps hair growth but may cause sexual side effects.

research Enhancing the Growth of Natural Eyelashes: The Mechanism of Bimatoprost-Induced Eyelash Growth

69 citations , September 2010 in “Dermatologic Surgery”

Bimatoprost is a safe and effective treatment for making eyelashes longer, thicker, and darker.

research Hair Growth and Rejuvenation: An Overview

81 citations , June 2010 in “Journal of Dermatological Treatment”

The document concludes that minoxidil and finasteride are proven for hair growth, herbal remedies show promise, but more research is needed to confirm their effectiveness.

research Bimatoprost in the Treatment of Eyelash Hypotrichosis

69 citations , April 2010 in “Clinical ophthalmology”

Bimatoprost is effective for growing longer, thicker, and darker eyelashes.

research Characterization of an In Vivo Model for the Study of Eyelash Biology and Trichomegaly: Mouse Eyelash Morphology, Development, Growth Cycle, and Anagen Prolongation by Bimatoprost

35 citations , March 2010 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement”

The study showed that mouse eyelashes can be used to study eyelash growth and that bimatoprost makes them longer and more numerous.

research Hair Growth Stimulated by Conditioned Medium of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Is Enhanced by Hypoxia: Evidence of Increased Growth Factor Secretion

134 citations , January 2010 in “Biomedical research”

Low oxygen conditions increase the hair-growing effects of substances from fat-derived stem cells by boosting growth factor release.

research The Hair Follicle as a Dynamic Mini-Organ

759 citations , February 2009 in “Current Biology”

Hair follicles are complex, dynamic mini-organs that help us understand cell growth, death, migration, and differentiation, as well as tissue regeneration and tumor biology.

research The Use of Low-Level Light for Hair Growth: Part I

90 citations , January 2009 in “Journal of cosmetic and laser therapy”

Low-level laser therapy might help hair growth, but more research is needed.

research Androgens and Hair Growth

209 citations , September 2008 in “Dermatologic Therapy”

Androgens can both increase and decrease hair growth in different parts of the body.

research A Multicenter, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Clinical Trial of a Novel Formulation of 5% Minoxidil Topical Foam Versus Placebo in the Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia in Men

142 citations , November 2007 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

New 5% minoxidil foam effectively promotes hair growth and is safe for use.

research Human Hair Growth Enhancement In Vitro By Green Tea Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG)

108 citations , August 2007 in “Phytomedicine”

Green tea component EGCG could potentially promote human hair growth.

research Prevalence of Male and Female Pattern Hair Loss in Maryborough

193 citations , December 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings”

Hair loss common in Australia; men affected earlier, more often than Asians; women less concerned.

research Minoxidil: Mechanisms of Action on Hair Growth

397 citations , February 2004 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

Minoxidil boosts hair growth by opening potassium channels and increasing cell activity.

research Cultured Peribulbar Dermal Sheath Cells Can Induce Hair Follicle Development and Contribute to the Dermal Sheath and Dermal Papilla

208 citations , December 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Certain cells from hair follicles can create new hair and contribute to hair growth when implanted in mice.

research In Vivo and In Vitro Evaluation of Hair Growth Potential of Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis Linn.

128 citations , October 2003 in “Journal of Ethnopharmacology”

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaf extract helps hair grow longer and faster.

research Exogen, Shedding Phase of the Hair Growth Cycle: Characterization of a Mouse Model

107 citations , September 2002 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Researchers found that hair shedding happens mostly when new hair is growing and involves a unique process.

research A Randomized Clinical Trial of 5% Topical Minoxidil Versus 2% Topical Minoxidil and Placebo in the Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia in Men

269 citations , September 2002 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

5% minoxidil works better for hair growth and density, with minor irritation.

research Prostaglandin-Induced Hair Growth

162 citations , August 2002 in “Survey of Ophthalmology”

Latanoprost can make eyelashes longer, thicker, and darker.

research Changes in Hair Weight and Hair Count in Men with Androgenetic Alopecia After Treatment with Finasteride, 1 mg, Daily

66 citations , April 2002 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

Finasteride increases hair weight and count in men with hair loss.

research Long-Term Multinational Experience with Finasteride 1 mg in the Treatment of Men with Androgenetic Alopecia

20 citations , January 2002 in “PubMed”

Finasteride 1 mg/day for five years effectively improves hair growth and slows hair loss in men with male pattern baldness, and is safe for long-term use.

9 / 9 results

research The Molecular Mechanism of Natural Products Activating Wnt/Beta-Catenin Signaling Pathway for Improving Hair Loss

November 2022 in “Life”

research Advances in Hair Growth

1 citations , January 2022 in “Faculty reviews”

The best long-lasting results in treating hair loss may be achieved through combination therapy, including treatments like finasteride, minoxidil, and platelet-rich plasma injections.

research A Randomized, Double-Blind Controlled Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Topical Solution of 0.25% Finasteride Admixed with 3% Minoxidil vs. 3% Minoxidil Solution in the Treatment of Male Androgenetic Alopecia

43 citations , December 2018 in “Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology”

Finasteride and minoxidil mix works better for hair growth than minoxidil alone, with similar safety.

research Hair-Growth Potential of Ginseng and Its Major Metabolites: A Review on Its Molecular Mechanisms

52 citations , September 2018 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

Ginseng and its compounds may help hair growth and prevent hair loss, but more human trials are needed to confirm this.

research Androgenetic Alopecia and Its Remedies: A Review

August 2014 in “Journal of drug discovery and therapeutics”

research Disorders of Hair

July 2013 in “DeckerMed Medicine”

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