Hormonal and Genetic Etiology of Male Androgenetic Alopecia

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) stops hair growth in mice by lowering a growth factor important for hair.

Impaired autophagy may cause hair loss by triggering early catagen.

Finasteride irreversibly affects human steroid 5α-reductase 2, providing insight into its catalytic mechanism and disease-related mutations.

Activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway could lead to new hair loss treatments.

Found 32 genes linked to male baldness, affecting hair growth and stress-related pathways.

Male pattern baldness is mostly inherited, involves many genes, and is linked to other traits like early puberty and strong bones.

Gene differences found in hair follicles linked to male baldness.

PGD2 increases androgen receptor activity in hair cells, which could be targeted to treat hair loss.

Prostanoids, like prostaglandins and thromboxane A2, can both enhance and inhibit hair growth, and understanding their effects could help treat hair disorders.

Researchers found 71 genetic regions linked to male pattern baldness, which account for 38% of its genetic risk.

Prostaglandin D2 increases testosterone production in skin cells through a process involving reactive oxygen species, and antioxidants may help treat hair loss.

IGF-1 may affect hair growth and loss, but more research is needed to confirm effective and safe treatments.

All five human steroid 5α-reductase enzymes are found in the endoplasmic reticulum.

Male pattern baldness involves genetics, hormones, and needs better treatments.

Researchers found 63 genes linked to male-pattern baldness, which could help in understanding its biology and developing new treatments.

Genomic approach finds new possible treatments for hair loss.

Stress can cause early aging in certain skin cells, leading to problems with hair growth.

Androgens prevent hair growth by changing Wnt signals in cells.

Men with early hair loss have similar hormone levels to women with PCOS, possibly increasing risk of obesity and heart issues.

A substance called 15-deoxy prostaglandin J2 can cause hair follicle cells to die, which might explain how prostaglandin D2 can lead to hair loss.

Prostaglandin D2 increases testosterone levels in skin cells through reactive oxygen species, not enzymes, which could lead to new hair loss treatments.

Blocking Prostaglandin D₂ may help treat hair loss.

Methyl vanillate spray increases hair count and hair mass in women with hair loss.

New genes found linked to balding, may help develop future treatments.

Different types of hair loss need specific treatments, and while many classification systems exist, each has its flaws; more research is needed to refine these systems and treatments.

Testosterone can both promote hair growth and cause baldness by affecting hair growth signals.

Androgen receptor activity blocks Wnt/β-catenin signaling, affecting hair growth and skin cell balance.

Hair thickness matters more than density for baldness in Japanese men over 25.

Hormones and genetics play key roles in male and female baldness, which can affect mental health and may be linked to other health issues.

Hair loss in male pattern baldness involves muscle degeneration and increased scalp fat.

Prostaglandin D₂ might be targeted for new male pattern baldness treatments.

Certain immune cells are more common on the top of the head and might help predict or treat common hair loss.

Bald men are not more virile and may have fewer sexual partners.

Androgens increase a growth factor in hair cells by creating reactive oxygen species, and antioxidants might help treat hair loss.

Genetic and environmental factors, like smoking and exercise, affect male hair loss.

Prostaglandin D2 blocks new hair growth after skin injury through the Gpr44 receptor.

Androgens have complex effects on hair growth, promoting it in some areas but causing hair loss in others, and our understanding of this is still evolving.

Wounds heal without scarring in early development but later result in scars, and studying Wnt signaling could help control scarring.

Higher caspase-1 levels found in balding scalps; reducing it may help treat hair loss.

Androgens block hair growth by disrupting cell signals; targeting GSK-3 may help treat hair loss.

PGD2 stops hair growth and is higher in bald men with AGA.

G allele of AR Stul polymorphism linked to higher hair loss risk, especially in white people.

Moderately high prolactin levels do not cause hair loss in women.

The document concludes that the 5 alpha-reductase enzymes are important in steroid metabolism and related to various human diseases, with inhibitors used to treat conditions like male pattern baldness and prostate issues.

TGF-β1 increases androgen receptor activity in hair loss, but Hic-5/ARA55 can counter this effect.

Lower growth factors linked to balding in androgenetic alopecia.

Men with hair loss have more DNA changes in back-of-head hair follicles, possibly protecting them from thinning.

Men with baldness due to androgenetic alopecia still have hair stem cells, but lack specific cells needed for hair growth.

Male pattern baldness involves hormones and cell signals affecting hair growth.

Two gene areas linked to male pattern baldness found, more research needed.

Intermediate hair follicles are a better model for studying hair growth and testing hair loss treatments.

Genetic marker rs12558842 strongly linked to male hair loss.

Alopecia common in teens, may indicate endocrine issue, minoxidil effective treatment.

Mice with human gene experienced hair loss when treated with DHT.

Baldness is more common in Chinese men than women, increasing with age, and is influenced by genetics.

58% of men aged 30-50 have hair loss, with severity increasing with age.

Sparse hairs below frontal hairline can indicate early male balding.

Aromatase gene variation may increase female hair loss risk.

Apigenin may help promote hair growth and could treat hair loss.

Hormones significantly affect hair and oil gland function in the skin, and more research is needed on skin-related hormone disorders.

New genes linked to male pattern baldness were found on chromosome 20p11.

Chinese men have lower AGA rates than Caucasians, with type III vertex most common; family history is important.

Androgens slow hair growth by altering Wnt signaling in balding cells.

Bald areas have lower cell growth, more DNA damage, and increased cell death.

Prolactin affects hair growth and skin conditions, and could be a target for new skin disease treatments.

Researchers found a new gene area linked to male-pattern baldness, which, along with another gene, significantly increases the risk of hair loss in men.

EDA2R gene linked to hair loss.

Androgens can both increase and decrease hair growth in different parts of the body.

Hair loss gene found on chromosome 3q26.

Mast cells might contribute to hair loss by causing skin thickening.

SCF and c-Kit decrease in AGA hair follicles, possibly affecting hair pigmentation and growth.

Human hair follicles can make and process prostaglandins, which may affect hair growth.

A substance called DKK-1 increases in balding areas and causes hair cells to die when exposed to DHT.

Androgens can both stimulate and cause hair loss, and understanding their effects is key to treating hair disorders.

Dutasteride and finasteride may reduce sperm count and volume but don't affect movement or shape; effects are reversible after stopping.

AR polyglycine repeat doesn't cause baldness.

Beard and scalp hair cells have different gene expressions, which may affect beard growth characteristics.

Androgen hormones cause hair follicle scarring in hair loss, and finasteride helps reduce it.

Prolactin contributes to hair loss by promoting hair follicle shrinkage and cell death.

High levels of testosterone and 5α-DHT can lead to cell death in cells important for hair growth.

Estrogens can improve skin aging but carry risks; more research is needed on safer treatments.

Hair loss common in Australia; men affected earlier, more often than Asians; women less concerned.

Genetic variation in the androgen receptor gene mainly causes early-onset hair loss, with maternal inheritance playing a key role.

E211 G>A gene linked to lower risk of severe prostate cancer and hair loss.

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) slows down hair growth and promotes hair follicle regression.

Apoptosis helps shape hair growth and prepares the skin for hair to emerge.

AGA can occur in children with family history; early diagnosis and treatment important.

Hair loss in balding individuals is linked to changes in specific hair growth-related genes.

Men with a family history of hair loss are more likely to experience it themselves, especially if both parents have hair loss.

Hair loss increases with age; alcohol raises risk, more female partners lowers it.

Higher IGF-1 levels in hair follicles link to better finasteride results for hair loss.

EGF controls hair growth by regulating hair follicles' growth phases.

TGF-β1 from dermal papilla cells suppresses hair growth, and targeting it may help treat androgenetic alopecia.

Hair from balding and non-balding areas regrows similarly on mice.

Gene differences may affect baldness treatment response in Korean men.

Male hormones, particularly DHT, are linked to male pattern hair loss, and treatments like finasteride can help, but they don't work for postmenopausal women's hair loss, which may have different causes.

Creating stronger blockers for skin enzymes might lead to better treatment for conditions like acne and excessive hair growth.

Androgens may cause hair loss by increasing TGF-beta1 from scalp cells, which inhibits hair cell growth.

Blocking the enzyme 5α-reductase can shrink the prostate and help treat enlarged prostate issues.