The Endocrinology of Baldness

The document from April 1, 2014, provides a comprehensive review of the endocrinology of androgenetic alopecia (AGA), commonly known as male pattern baldness, and its implications for both men and women. It explains the role of androgens, particularly testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), in hair loss, and the genetic factors involved, including a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the androgen receptor gene. The review includes studies with sample sizes ranging from 63 to 1,717 men and discusses the psychological impact of baldness, such as increased anxiety and decreased self-esteem, particularly in younger men. It also addresses the potential associations between AGA and health conditions like prostate cancer and cardiovascular disease, although findings are mixed. Female pattern hair loss (FPHL) is acknowledged as different from male baldness, with its own genetic and hormonal characteristics. Treatments for baldness, such as finasteride and minoxidil, are mentioned, with varying degrees of efficacy. The document underscores the complexity of AGA's genetic basis, its potential health implications, and the distinct nature of female baldness.