August 2023 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” This study found that combining minoxidil and spironolactone was more effective for hair density and severity of hair loss in women with androgenic alopecia compared to minoxidil and finasteride, with no serious adverse effects reported.
August 2023 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” This study observed that in a mouse model of androgenetic alopecia, treatments with LTF, 5% minoxidil, and LTF-DPC-EXO significantly promoted hair regeneration compared to the model group, potentially through modulation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
2 citations
,
August 2023 in “Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery” This study concluded that platelet-rich plasma is effective and safe for increasing hair density in androgenetic alopecia, showing significant improvement compared to placebo at 3 and 6 months.
2 citations
,
July 2023 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” This study evaluated a new topical regenerative treatment and found it can safely and effectively reduce hair loss in patients with androgenetic alopecia and telogen effluvium by mimicking the effects of autologous platelet-rich plasma.
1 citations
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June 2023 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” This study found that while clinical evidence is limited, early preclinical results suggest exosome treatment may enhance hair growth and warrant further research for therapeutic use in alopecia.
June 2023 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” This study found that a combination therapy of autologous platelet-rich plasma and non-cross-linked hyaluronic acid increased hair density significantly in women with female androgenetic alopecia, without serious adverse effects.
May 2023 in “Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy” This research observed that combination therapy targeting different pathogenetic pathways is more effective than monotherapy in treating female pattern hair loss, offering a more aggressive treatment approach that can include modalities such as minoxidil, spironolactone, and finasteride.
This comprehensive review analyzes androgenetic alopecia treatments, discussing the mechanisms, costs, efficacy, and safety of FDA-approved drugs like minoxidil and finasteride, as well as newer non-FDA-approved options that have shown effectiveness across various studies.
May 2023 in “Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” This review examines the efficacy of various novel treatments for androgenetic alopecia, including oral minoxidil and platelet-rich plasma, suggesting potential benefits but emphasizing the need for further high-quality clinical trials to thoroughly evaluate their effectiveness.
March 2023 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This study found that exosomes from adipose mesenchymal stromal cells, particularly those carrying miR-122-5p, may enhance hair follicle regeneration in androgenic alopecia by targeting the TGF-β/SMAD3 axis.
1 citations
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March 2023 in “International Journal of Trichology” This study found that Williams' Medium E and a 37°C storage temperature significantly enhanced hair growth in organ cultures compared to Ringer's lactate solution and 4°C, while PRP's impact on hair graft preservation was not significant.
February 2023 in “Journal of Dermatological Treatment” In this study, both platelet-rich plasma and minoxidil increased hair counts and density in moderate androgenetic alopecia in men, but patient satisfaction was higher with minoxidil, which also had fewer side effects.
February 2023 in “European Journal of Dermatology” In this retrospective study from North France, apremilast was used in patients with psoriasis and recent cancer, showing a good safety profile and improved quality of life, though with 65.2% experiencing non-serious adverse events. The need for further research on oncological safety was highlighted.
January 2023 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” This review concludes that platelet-rich plasma treatment is effective for androgenetic alopecia, with recommendations for a specific volume, frequency, and duration of therapy for optimal results.
December 2022 in “Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery” This study found that autologous platelet-rich plasma significantly improved hair follicle number, thickness, and density in patients with androgenic alopecia compared to placebo, with high reported patient satisfaction.
October 2022 in “Journal of Dermatological Treatment” This study found that autologous platelet-rich plasma injections may improve terminal hair density in women with androgenetic alopecia, but did not significantly affect hair thickness.
2 citations
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September 2022 in “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology” August 2022 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” This study found that 1% topical cetirizine may be more effective than a placebo in treating androgenetic alopecia but appears less effective than minoxidil for hair density, though potentially longer-lasting; however, more well-designed RCTs are needed to confirm these findings.
1 citations
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August 2022 in “Journal of Dermatological Treatment” In this study, the authors reported that oral dutasteride at 0.5 mg/day showed a probable greater efficacy in treating male androgenetic alopecia compared to finasteride and minoxidil, but it may cause sexual dysfunction and neuropsychiatric side effects.
1 citations
,
August 2022 in “Journal of Drugs in Dermatology” This study found that the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma in treating androgenetic alopecia is higher with increased frequency of sessions, chemically-activated PRP, double centrifugation, and whole-head application, among younger and female patients.
12 citations
,
April 2022 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” This review found that while preclinical studies highlight the potential benefits of exosome therapeutics for hair loss, clinical evidence on their safety and effectiveness for alopecia is currently lacking, requiring further research.
April 2022 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” In this study, combining platelet-rich plasma and platelet gel treatments significantly reduced hair loss and increased hair density and diameter in patients with resistant androgenic alopecia, leading to high patient satisfaction.
5 citations
,
March 2022 in “Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology” This study found that exosomes derived from bovine colostrum promoted hair growth in mice by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, with effects similar to minoxidil but without adverse effects.
7 citations
,
February 2022 in “Journal of Personalized Medicine” This meta-analysis found that platelet-rich plasma treatments significantly increased hair density in patients with androgenic alopecia, with results influenced by treatment frequency and patient age.
13 citations
,
February 2022 in “JAMA Dermatology” This meta-analysis reported that 0.5 mg/d of dutasteride significantly increased total hair count at 24 weeks compared to finasteride and minoxidil in men with androgenetic alopecia.
3 citations
,
January 2022 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” This review highlights bicalutamide as a promising oral therapy for female pattern hair loss, noting its safety, tolerability, and effectiveness in women with hyperandrogenic symptoms like acne and hirsutism, though further trials are needed to confirm its ideal dose and efficacy.
2 citations
,
January 2022 in “Skin appendage disorders” This study found that for people with androgenetic alopecia, increasing the dosage of low-dose oral minoxidil is associated with improvements in hair diameter and density, but also raises the risk of hypertrichosis and cardiovascular adverse events.
17 citations
,
November 2021 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” This review discusses treatment options for androgenetic alopecia, highlighting the need for personalized, evidence-based approaches but reports no new clinical results.
4 citations
,
November 2021 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This article notes that low-dose systemic minoxidil combined with antiandrogen therapy is effective for treating female pattern hair loss, though hypertrichosis can occur in a significant percentage of patients.
11 citations
,
October 2021 in “Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” This study found that topical finasteride significantly increased hair count in men with androgenetic alopecia compared to placebo while maintaining similar efficacy to oral finasteride but with lower systemic exposure and a reduced impact on serum DHT levels, potentially minimizing sexual side effects.
5 citations
,
August 2021 in “Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” In this phase 1B clinical trial, sublingual minoxidil was tested for its effects on male and female pattern hair loss in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled setting, but the abstract does not provide specific results or conclusions.
July 2021 in “Medical journal, Armed Forces India” This study reported that using platelet-rich plasma as an intraoperative holding solution significantly improved hair density and follicular growth in hair restoration surgery for androgenetic alopecia.
2 citations
,
May 2021 in “Clinical Pharmacology in Drug Development” This phase 1 study reported that after administering supratherapeutic doses of cortexolone 17α‐propionate, a topical antiandrogen intended for hair loss treatment, there was no effect on the QTc interval, indicating no measurable cardiac safety concerns in the concentration range tested.
5 citations
,
December 2020 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This study observed objective improvement in androgenetic alopecia in 5 out of 6 adolescent girls treated with 2.5 mg oral minoxidil and spironolactone, and reported no adverse effects.
5 citations
,
October 2020 in “Journal of radiation research” The researchers found that exosome-like vesicles from irradiated cheek skin in neonatal mice may offer protective effects against hair follicle loss after high-dose radiation exposure.
27 citations
,
October 2020 in “Drugs” This article reviews the development milestones of clascoterone up to its first approval for treating acne vulgaris, reporting no new clinical results for androgenetic alopecia.
24 citations
,
September 2020 in “Dermatology and therapy” This study found that low-dose oral minoxidil 5 mg daily significantly increased hair growth in men with androgenetic alopecia over 24 weeks, with increased hair count and vertex area improvement, though most experienced hypertrichosis and some had pedal edema.
14 citations
,
September 2020 in “Dermatologic Therapy” This study reported that oral minoxidil improved hair density and had an acceptable safety profile in women with androgenetic alopecia.
14 citations
,
August 2020 in “Dermatologic Therapy” This study reported that low-dose oral minoxidil is generally safe for treating various types of hair loss, though it may cause hypertrichosis and pedal edema, especially at higher doses.
13 citations
,
June 2020 in “Journal of Dermatological Treatment” This review discusses the pharmacology and safety of topical finasteride for treating androgenetic alopecia and female pattern hair loss, noting positive results but reporting no new clinical findings.
13 citations
,
June 2020 in “Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open” This study found that preserving hair grafts in platelet-rich plasma before implantation significantly improved hair density, graft uptake, and hair thickness compared to saline preservation in hair transplantation patients.
19 citations
,
May 2020 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This case series reports the experience of using oral minoxidil at 1.25 mg/day in 32 patients with male androgenetic alopecia, noting both therapeutic effects and potential adverse reactions.
5 citations
,
May 2020 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” This correspondence discusses clascoterone as a potential new treatment for androgenetic alopecia but reports no clinical results.
8 citations
,
April 2020 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This article discusses the potential of oral bicalutamide as a promising treatment for female pattern hair loss and reports no new clinical results.
15 citations
,
April 2020 in “Journal of Dermatological Treatment” This study suggests platelet-rich plasma may be more effective than other non-surgical treatments for male androgenetic alopecia, while low-level laser therapy ranks highest for women; however, the evidence quality was low.
15 citations
,
April 2020 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This article notes the lack of physician-reported outcome studies supporting the efficacy of off-label spironolactone in treating female pattern hair loss, despite its common prescription alongside FDA-approved topical minoxidil.
16 citations
,
March 2020 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This abstract discusses the efficacy of spironolactone, cyproterone acetate, and flutamide in treating female pattern hair loss, noting that flutamide use requires caution due to potential liver toxicity, especially at high doses.
32 citations
,
March 2020 in “Drug Design Development and Therapy” This review examines the pharmacology, clinical efficacy, and adverse effects of oral finasteride for female pattern hair loss, and discusses potential new treatments like topical finasteride and dutasteride, but reports no new clinical results.
12 citations
,
January 2020 in “Skin appendage disorders” Low-dose oral minoxidil effectively treats female hair loss with good safety.
8 citations
,
January 2020 in “Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery” Oral minoxidil may improve hair loss in men and women, but has some side effects.
11 citations
,
December 2019 in “Dermatologic Therapy” This systematic review suggests that topical ketoconazole may improve hair regrowth and thickness in both animal and human studies for androgenetic alopecia, but further randomized controlled trials are needed.
10 citations
,
November 2019 in “Journal of Dermatological Treatment” This study revealed that photobiomodulation significantly improved hair density in androgenetic alopecia patients, with laser treatments being more effective than combined laser/LED treatments, while device style did not significantly affect outcomes.
8 citations
,
October 2019 in “Dermatologic Therapy” This source explores the potential use of oral bicalutamide for treating female pattern hair loss, but specific results or outcomes from the study are not reported in the abstract.
24 citations
,
September 2019 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This study found that using very-low-dose oral minoxidil (0.25 mg/d) led to improvement or stabilization of hair parameters in 40% to 60% of men with androgenetic alopecia, although results were not statistically significant for the overall group.
53 citations
,
August 2019 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This study observed that low-dose oral minoxidil and topical minoxidil 5% solution both improved hair density in women with female-pattern hair loss, but oral minoxidil may offer advantages in reducing hair shedding.
45 citations
,
August 2019 in “Dermatologic Therapy” This review discusses the physiopathology of androgenetic alopecia and evaluates various traditional and emerging treatments, reporting no new clinical results but highlighting the need for enhanced treatment strategies.
11 citations
,
May 2019 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” This case report observed significant improvement in hair density and thickness in a male patient with androgenetic alopecia following the addition of mesotherapy, alongside topical minoxidil and oral finasteride, over 20 sessions, with no side effects reported.
49 citations
,
February 2019 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” This review offers evidence-based recommendations for diagnosing and treating female pattern hair loss, emphasizing clinical assessment and starting treatment with minoxidil, while noting that measurement of certain hormones and vitamins is optional.
21 citations
,
January 2019 in “Lasers in Medical Science” This review found that low-level laser therapy significantly increased hair density in adults with androgenic alopecia compared to sham treatments, with greater effects observed at lower treatment frequencies.
31 citations
,
January 2019 in “Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery” This review found that three monthly PRP injections improved hair density in patients with androgenetic alopecia compared to placebo, but more rigorous studies are needed for broader dermatological applications.
22 citations
,
November 2018 in “Breast Cancer Research and Treatment” In this review, researchers found no evidence of interactions between 5α-reductase inhibitors or spironolactone and endocrine therapies for breast cancer, with no consistent changes in estrogen levels or increased breast cancer risk associated with spironolactone usage.
43 citations
,
July 2018 in “Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” This study found that a topical solution combining 0.25% finasteride with 3% minoxidil significantly improved hair growth, as measured by hair density, diameter, and global assessment, in men with androgenetic alopecia, compared to 3% minoxidil alone, over 24 weeks without systemic adverse effects reported.
54 citations
,
May 2018 in “Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” This study found that low-level laser therapy was the most effective non-surgical treatment for androgenetic alopecia, although the overall quality of evidence supporting various therapies was generally low.
13 citations
,
December 2017 in “Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy” This study evaluated the use of low-level laser therapy for treating androgenic alopecia in adults, finding it a promising and safe at-home option for stimulating hair growth compared to sham devices, though further research is needed to confirm its clinical effectiveness.
80 citations
,
December 2017 in “International Journal of Dermatology” This study reported that once-daily treatment with oral minoxidil and spironolactone for 12 months reduced hair loss severity and hair shedding in women with pattern hair loss, with generally mild side effects, though results came from an uncontrolled, observational pilot study.
6 citations
,
December 2017 in “Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy” This study evaluated low-level laser therapy for treating Androgenic alopecia and suggested it may effectively stimulate hair growth and improve patient satisfaction, although more efficient treatments are needed.
86 citations
,
June 2017 in “Stem cell investigation” This study reported that using human follicle stem cells isolated from hair bulge areas increased hair density by about 29% over baseline in patients with androgenetic alopecia, with significant improvements observed 23 weeks after the last treatment.
178 citations
,
April 2017 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This systematic review and meta-analysis found that minoxidil, finasteride, and low-level laser light therapy significantly improve hair growth in men with androgenetic alopecia, while minoxidil is also effective for women, compared to placebo.
24 citations
,
January 2017 in “International Journal of Trichology” 
136 citations
,
April 2016 in “Dermatologic Surgery” This study found that platelet-rich plasma significantly increased hair density and anagen hair proportions in androgenetic alopecia patients, suggesting potential as an adjuvant therapy.
33 citations
,
January 2016 in “Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology” This review discusses the use of finasteride for androgenetic alopecia and highlights that while it is considered safe, there is concern regarding its sexual side effects, which reverse upon discontinuation.
15 citations
,
June 2015 in “Lasers in Medical Science” This study found that low-level laser therapy with an 830-nm wavelength most significantly stimulated hair growth in rats, compared to other wavelengths tested.
10 citations
,
January 2012 in “Annals of Dermatology” In this study, 1.25 mg daily finasteride for 28 weeks showed minimal increase in hair density and thickness in normoandrogenic female pattern hair loss, but no significant clinical improvement was observed.
41 citations
,
October 2011 in “Journal of Dermatology” This study observed that long-term use of finasteride in Japanese men with androgenetic alopecia was associated with progressive hair regrowth in 87.1% of participants without significant safety concerns.
64 citations
,
June 2009 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This article discusses frontal fibrosing alopecia, noting potential connections to lichen planopilaris, but reports no new clinical findings.
69 citations
,
August 2008 in “Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” Oral dutasteride and topical pimecrolimus can safely and effectively treat Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia, leading to significant hair regrowth.
195 citations
,
February 2007 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” In this study, administering 5alpha-reductase inhibitors reduced dihydrotestosterone levels and was associated with mild, reversible decreases in semen parameters in healthy men.
215 citations
,
November 2006 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This study found that dutasteride increased scalp hair growth in men with male pattern hair loss, particularly at a 2.5 mg dose, and was more effective than finasteride over 24 weeks.
397 citations
,
February 2004 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This article reviews the mechanisms by which minoxidil stimulates hair growth and reports no new clinical findings.
269 citations
,
August 2002 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This study found that 5% topical minoxidil significantly increased hair regrowth and improved psychosocial perceptions of hair loss in men with androgenetic alopecia compared to 2% topical minoxidil and placebo over 48 weeks.
66 citations
,
April 2002 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” In this study, finasteride, 1 mg daily, significantly increased hair weight more than hair count in men with androgenetic alopecia, indicating additional factors like hair growth rate and thickness may contribute to its effectiveness.
104 citations
,
October 1999 in “The Journal of Urology” This study concluded that daily treatment with 1 mg finasteride did not affect spermatogenesis or semen production in young men and had small, reversible effects on prostate volume and serum PSA.
