Exploring Molecular Mechanisms Controlling Skin Homeostasis and Hair Growth: MicroRNAs in Hair-Cycle-Dependent Gene Regulation, Hair Growth, and Associated Tissue Remodeling

January 2010 in “ Bradford Scholars (University of Bradford) ”

Mohammed I. Ahmed

microRNAs miR-31 miR-214 hair follicle Wnt signaling pathway β-catenin BMP signaling keratinocytes anagen development miRNAs hair growth phases hair cycle skin homeostasis

Studysummary This study found that microRNAs play key roles in regulating gene expression during the hair cycle in mice, impacting follicle growth and skin homeostasis through mechanisms involving major signalling pathways. Our plain-language summary of this paper — not a Tressless recommendation.

This study explored the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating gene expression during the hair cycle and skin homeostasis. It found that miR-31 increased during the anagen phase and decreased during catagen and telogen, influencing hair growth by targeting genes like Fgf10 and components of the Wnt and BMP signaling pathways. Inhibiting miR-31 accelerated anagen development in mice. Additionally, miR-214 was identified as an inhibitor of the Wnt signaling pathway, affecting the expression of β-catenin and other related genes. The study also examined the impact of BMP signaling on miRNA expression, particularly miR-21, which was modulated by BMP4 treatment. These findings highlighted the critical role of miRNAs in hair follicle growth and skin tissue remodeling.

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135 citations , January 1996 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

research Keratinocyte Growth Factor Is an Important Endogenous Mediator of Hair Follicle Growth, Development, and Differentiation. Normalization of the Nu/Nu Follicular Differentiation Defect and Amelioration of Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia.

219 citations , July 1995 in “PubMed”

This study found that recombinant keratinocyte growth factor (rKGF) stimulated hair growth and provided a protective effect against alopecia in murine models, suggesting its role in hair follicle development and regeneration.

research Hair Follicle Companion Layer: Reacquainting an Old Friend

55 citations , May 1995 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

research A Novel Human Type I Hair Keratin Gene: Evidence For Two Keratin HHa3 Isoforms

21 citations , January 1995 in “Molecular Biology Reports”

This study identified a novel human type I hair keratin, hHa3-II, as an isoform of a previously described hHa3 keratin, with distinct sequence differences indicating separate gene encoding.

research Melanogenesis During the Anagen-Catagen-Telogen Transformation of the Murine Hair Cycle

161 citations , June 1994 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

This study found that the switch-off of melanogenesis during the hair cycle in C57 BL-6 mice is a gradual and stochastic process starting in mid anagen VI, with specific biochemical markers indicating the transition to catagen.

research Androgens and Human Hair Growth

157 citations , April 1994 in “Clinical endocrinology”

Androgens can cause hair growth in some areas and hair loss on the scalp.

Melanogenesis Is Coupled to Murine Anagen: Toward New Concepts for the Role of Melanocytes and the Regulation of Melanogenesis in Hair Growth

research Melanogenesis Is Coupled to Murine Anagen: Toward New Concepts for the Role of Melanocytes and the Regulation of Melanogenesis in Hair Growth

210 citations , July 1993 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

This review discusses the role of intrinsic skin signals, rather than serum signals, in regulating melanin synthesis and hair pigmentation, but reports no new experimental data.

research Analysis of the Sheep Trichohyalin Gene: Potential Structural and Calcium-Binding Roles of Trichohyalin in the Hair Follicle

72 citations , May 1993 in “The Journal of Cell Biology”

This study detailed the structure and amino acid composition of sheep trichohyalin, noting its presence in various tissues and suggesting a possible functional role beyond structural support in hair follicles.

research Mouse Notch: Expression in Hair Follicles Correlates with Cell Fate Determination

150 citations , May 1993 in “The journal of cell biology/The Journal of cell biology”

This study suggests that mNotch expression plays a significant role in hair follicle differentiation and cell fate selection within the follicle during development.

research Hair Follicle Differentiation: Expression, Structure, and Evolutionary Conservation of the Hair Type II Keratin Intermediate Filament Gene Family

65 citations , February 1992 in “Development”

This study characterizes a type II keratin intermediate filament gene family involved in early sheep follicle differentiation, detailing gene expression patterns and sequences in hair cortical cells.

research The Secret Life of the Hair Follicle

745 citations , February 1992 in “Trends in genetics”

This article describes the potential role of various growth factors and molecules in regulating mammalian hair follicle development but does not present new experimental results.

research Distribution of Extracellular Matrix Molecules in Human Hair Follicles

45 citations , December 1991 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences”

This article discusses the distribution of extracellular matrix molecules in human hair follicles and reports no new results.

research Hair-Specific Keratins: Characterization and Expression of a Mouse Type I Keratin Gene

27 citations , November 1991 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

research Hair Anatomy for the Clinician

139 citations , July 1991 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

This article discusses the structure of hair follicles and their significance in evaluating hair disorders, but it does not report any new research findings.

research Hair Growth Inhibition by Heparin in Mice: A Model System for Studying the Modulation of Epithelial Cell Growth by Glycosaminoglycans

46 citations , May 1991 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

In this study, heparin was found to exert dose- and hair cycle-dependent effects on skin epithelial cells in mice, affecting hair follicle development and protein synthesis differently based on its administration method.

research Keratins 1 and 10 as Regular Constituents of Inner Root Sheath and Cuticle Cells in the Human Hair Follicle

44 citations , August 1990 in “PubMed”

This study provides evidence for K1 and K10 derivatives' presence in the inner root sheath and hair cuticle, suggesting that these hair follicle parts may follow familiar keratinization principles.

research Expression of Keratin K14 in the Epidermis and Hair Follicle: Insights Into Complex Programs of Differentiation

198 citations , November 1989 in “The Journal of Cell Biology”

This study reported that K14 expression patterns and keratin filament organization in human skin's hair follicles differ from those in the epidermis, indicating distinct differentiation programs.

research A New Look Into an Old Problem: Keratins as Tools to Investigate Determination, Morphogenesis, and Differentiation in Skin

156 citations , January 1989 in “Genes & Development”

This study found that keratin K14 expression occurs early in epidermal cell differentiation, while a hair-specific keratin is expressed later in hair matrix cells, suggesting developmental divergence between the two cell types.

research Patterns of Expression of Trichocytic and Epithelial Cytokeratins in Mammalian Tissues

124 citations , December 1988 in “Differentiation”

This study found that T cytokeratins appear more gradually and with complex coexpression patterns in developing nail structures compared to the more abrupt transition in hair follicles.

research Patterns of Expression of Trichocytic and Epithelial Cytokeratins in Mammalian Tissues: Human and Bovine Hair Follicles

248 citations , April 1988 in “Differentiation”

In this study, researchers observed that trichocytic and epithelial cytokeratins have distinct expression patterns within various human and bovine hair follicle cells, contributing to understanding hair follicle development and growth.

research Chapter 3: Expression and Modification of Keratins During Terminal Differentiation of Mammalian Epidermis

81 citations , January 1987 in “Current topics in developmental biology/Current Topics in Developmental Biology”

Keratins change and are modified differently in skin layers and body parts.

Acidic and Basic Hair/Nail (Hard) Keratins: Their Colocalization in Upper Cortical and Cuticle Cells of the Human Hair Follicle and Their Relationship to Soft Keratins

research Acidic and Basic Hair/Nail (Hard) Keratins: Their Colocalization in Upper Cortical and Cuticle Cells of the Human Hair Follicle and Their Relationship to Soft Keratins

356 citations , December 1986 in “The journal of cell biology/The Journal of cell biology”

This study found that specific human hair keratins are differentially expressed in the hair follicle, suggesting a shared pathway of epithelial differentiation between hair cortex and nail plate cells.

research Mode of Redifferentiation and Melanogenesis of Melanocytes in Mouse Hair Follicles

44 citations , April 1979 in “Journal of Ultrastructure Research”

research The Cytology and Cytochemistry of the Wool Follicle

90 citations , January 1979 in “International review of cytology”

This chapter reviews the complexity of hair and wool follicle formation, emphasizing the importance of cytological studies to understand the relationship between cellular components.