Exploring Molecular Mechanisms Controlling Skin Homeostasis and Hair Growth: MicroRNAs in Hair-Cycle-Dependent Gene Regulation, Hair Growth, and Associated Tissue Remodeling

This study explored the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating gene expression during the hair cycle and skin homeostasis. It found that miRNAs, such as miR-31 and miR-214, played crucial roles in hair follicle (HF) growth and tissue remodeling. MiR-31 was shown to regulate genes involved in hair growth phases, with its inhibition accelerating anagen development in mice. MiR-214 was identified as an inhibitor of the Wnt signaling pathway, affecting β-catenin expression and activity. Additionally, miR-21 was found to mediate the effects of BMP signaling in keratinocytes, suggesting a novel regulatory mechanism. Overall, miRNAs were essential in maintaining the balance of gene expression necessary for HF and skin homeostasis.