TLDR Smad-4 and Smad-7 are key in hair follicle development, with other Smads being less important.
The study explored the role of Smads in skin development, focusing on their mediation of TGF-β, Activin, and BMP signaling pathways. It found that Smad-4 primarily influenced hair follicle differentiation through BMP signaling, while Smad-7 impacted hair follicle development by blocking the TGFβ/Activin/BMP pathway and inhibiting WNT/β-catenin signaling via ubiquitin-mediated β-catenin degradation. Other Smads were found to have redundant or dispensable roles in skin development. The review highlighted both traditional and novel signaling pathways involving Smads in skin development.
Cited in this study
7 / 7 results
92 citations
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November 2006 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America” BMP signaling controls hair follicle size and cell growth by affecting cell cycle genes.
147 citations
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September 2006 in “Developmental Cell” Too much Smad7 changes skin and hair development by breaking down a protein called β-catenin, leading to more oil glands and fewer hair follicles.
34 citations
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June 2005 in “Developmental dynamics” Runx3 helps determine hair shape.
165 citations
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December 2004 in “Differentiation” BMP signaling is crucial for skin and hair growth.
81 citations
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January 2003 in “The FASEB Journal” Follistatin helps hair growth and cycling, while activin prevents it.
111 citations
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June 2002 in “The EMBO Journal” Too much Smad7 can cause serious changes in skin tissues, including problems with hair growth, thymus shrinkage, and eye development issues.
211 citations
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October 2001 in “The FASEB Journal” Noggin is necessary to start the hair growth phase in skin after birth.
