Micro-RNA-31 Controls Hair Cycle-Associated Changes in Gene Expression Programs of the Skin and Hair Follicle

The study demonstrated that micro-RNA-31 (miR-31) played a crucial role in regulating gene expression during the hair cycle in mice, particularly during the anagen phase. Inhibition of miR-31 led to significant changes in the expression of 419 genes, including those involved in the FGF, BMP, and Wnt signaling pathways, and the Dlx3 transcription factor. This resulted in accelerated anagen progression, altered hair shaft formation, and changes in outer root sheath morphology. The findings suggested that miR-31 is vital for maintaining the balance of gene expression necessary for proper hair follicle growth and hair fiber formation, highlighting its potential as a target for treating hair growth disorders.