Deciphering the Complex Immunopathogenesis of Alopecia Areata

May 2024 in “ International Journal of Molecular Sciences ”

Ingrid Šutić Udović, Nika Hlača, Larisa Prpić Massari, Ines Brajac, Marija Kaštelan, Marijana Vičić

alopecia areata autoimmune disorder hair follicles IFN-γ cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells T-cell-mediated inflammation hair growth cycle genetic factors immune factors epigenetic factors immunological factors environmental factors AA immune attack hair loss psychological well-being self-esteem

TLDR Alopecia areata is caused by immune attacks on hair follicles, affecting hair growth and quality of life.

Alopecia Areata (AA) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by non-scarring hair loss due to T-cell-mediated inflammation that disrupts hair follicle function. The disease involves a complex interplay of genetic, immunological, and environmental factors, with a significant role played by the loss of hair follicle immune privilege and upregulation of inflammatory pathways. Key immune players include CD8+ T lymphocytes, NK cells, and cytokines like IFN-γ, which contribute to hair follicle damage. The JAK/STAT signaling pathway is implicated in AA pathogenesis, and JAK inhibitors have shown promise in promoting hair regrowth. Understanding the multifactorial nature of AA is crucial for developing effective treatments and providing comprehensive care, including psychological support.

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