Alopecia Areata: An Autoimmune Disease of Multiple Players

July 2021 in “ ImmunoTargets and therapy ”

Poonkiat Suchonwanit, Chaninan Kositkuljorn, Cherrin Pomsoong

alopecia areata autoimmune disease hair loss innate immunity adaptive immunity genes environmental factors stress infections atopic dermatitis chronic spontaneous urticaria topical solutions laser therapy eczema hives topical treatments laser treatments

Studysummary This review compiles current evidence on the molecular mechanisms, etiologies, and targeted immunotherapies for alopecia areata and reports no new experimental results, emphasizing the need for further research to manage the disease.

Automatically generated from the study's abstract, not written by a person, and not a review of the full paper. Not medical advice or a treatment recommendation. Read the original study, and consult a qualified healthcare professional before changing treatment. Full disclaimer

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research Treatment of Chronic Extensive Alopecia Areata by Diphenylcyclopropenone Alone Versus in Combination with Anthralin

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research Efficacy and Safety of Anthralin in Combination with Diphenylcyclopropenone in the Treatment of Alopecia Areata: A Retrospective Case Series

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A Randomized, Investigator-Blinded, Controlled, Split-Scalp Study of the Efficacy and Safety of a 1550-nm Fractional Erbium-Glass Laser, Used in Combination with Topical 5% Minoxidil Versus 5% Minoxidil Alone, for the Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia

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This study found that trichoscopic examination is useful for diagnosing and monitoring systemic lupus erythematosus, with severe diffuse non-scarring alopecia indicating active disease.

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research A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Single-Center Pilot Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Apremilast in Subjects with Moderate-to-Severe Alopecia Areata

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research Response to Ustekinumab in Three Pediatric Patients with Alopecia Areata

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58 citations , July 2018 in “Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology”

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A Randomized, Double-Blind Controlled Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Topical Solution of 0.25% Finasteride Admixed with 3% Minoxidil vs. 3% Minoxidil Solution in the Treatment of Male Androgenetic Alopecia

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research Hair and Scalp Changes in Cutaneous and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

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research Extensive Alopecia Areata Is Reversed by IL-12/IL-23p40 Cytokine Antagonism

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research The PDE4 Inhibitor, Apremilast, Suppresses Experimentally Induced Alopecia Areata in Human Skin In Vivo

52 citations , December 2014 in “Journal of Dermatological Science”

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research Alopecia Areata Is Driven by Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes and Is Reversed by JAK Inhibition

701 citations , August 2014 in “Nature medicine”

This study found that JAK inhibitors promote hair regrowth in both mice and human alopecia areata cases by blocking key immune pathways involved in disease development.

research Current Treatment of Alopecia Areata

71 citations , December 2013 in “The journal of investigative dermatology. Symposium proceedings/The Journal of investigative dermatology symposium proceedings”

This review discusses various treatments for alopecia areata, highlighting their limitations and individualized approach, and reports no new clinical results.

research Autoimmune Disease Induction in a Healthy Human Organ: A Humanized Mouse Model of Alopecia Areata

75 citations , October 2012 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study developed an animal model that recreates alopecia areata by injecting healthy human skin grafts in immunocompromised mice with peripheral blood mononuclear cells enriched for NKG2D+ and CD56+ cells.

research British Association of Dermatologists’ Guidelines for the Management of Alopecia Areata 2012

218 citations , April 2012 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

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421 citations , April 2012 in “The New England Journal of Medicine”

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research Transcriptional Profiling in Alopecia Areata Defines Immune and Cell Cycle Control Related Genes Within Disease-Specific Signatures

61 citations , September 2010 in “Genomics”

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research Trichohyalin Is a Potential Major Autoantigen in Human Alopecia Areata

66 citations , July 2010 in “Journal of Proteome Research”

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research Genome-Wide Association Study in Alopecia Areata Implicates Both Innate and Adaptive Immunity

717 citations , June 2010 in “Nature”

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research Type 1 Interferon Signature in the Scalp Lesions of Alopecia Areata

52 citations , March 2010 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

This study demonstrated the expression of type 1 interferon-related proteins in inflammatory lesions of alopecia areata, showing a distinct distribution pattern compared to cicatricial alopecia.

research Histopathology of Alopecia: A Clinicopathological Approach to Diagnosis

170 citations , December 2009 in “Histopathology”

This review discusses the histopathological diagnosis of scarring and non-scarring alopecias, emphasizing the importance of adequate tissue sampling and clinical information; it reports no new empirical results.

research Alefacept for Severe Alopecia Areata: A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

43 citations , November 2009 in “Archives of dermatology”

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research Recombinant Human Hepatitis B Vaccine Initiating Alopecia Areata: Testing the Hypothesis Using the C3H/HeJ Mouse Model

23 citations , January 2009 in “Veterinary Dermatology”

This study found that recombinant hepatitis B vaccine may increase the risk of alopecia areata onset in older predisposed mice but larger trials suggest this effect might lie within normal variation.

research Controlled Delivery of T-box21 Small Interfering RNA Ameliorates Autoimmune Alopecia in a C3H/HeJ Mouse Model

69 citations , February 2008 in “The American journal of pathology”

This study found that local injections of interleukin-4 and neutralizing anti-interferon-γ antibody effectively treated alopecia in a mouse model, suggesting potential therapeutic pathways for human alopecia areata.

research Maintenance of Hair Follicle Immune Privilege Is Linked to Prevention of NK Cell Attack

253 citations , December 2007 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study suggests that human hair follicles may actively suppress natural killer cells, which contrasts with the observed defects in NK cell regulation in alopecia areata.

research Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Chain-Related Gene A Polymorphisms and Extended Haplotypes Are Associated with Familial Alopecia Areata

44 citations , December 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study found significant associations between certain MICA variants and haplotypes with alopecia areata, suggesting MICA as a potential candidate gene linked to the disease's susceptibility and severity.

research Treatment of Alopecia Areata with Anti-Interferon-Gamma Antibodies

16 citations , November 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings”

This study found that intramuscular anti-IFN-γ significantly stabilized and promoted hair regrowth in alopecia areata patients with patchy, progressive hair loss, whereas those with total baldness showed more limited improvement.

research Alopecia Areata: A Tissue-Specific Autoimmune Disease of the Hair Follicle

185 citations , August 2005 in “Autoimmunity Reviews”

This review discusses alopecia areata as a model for studying tissue-directed autoimmune diseases and reports no new clinical findings.

research Neurogenic Inflammation in Stress-Induced Termination of Murine Hair Growth Is Promoted by Nerve Growth Factor

108 citations , July 2004 in “American Journal of Pathology”

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research Stress Inhibits Hair Growth in Mice by Inducing Premature Catagen Development and Harmful Perifollicular Inflammatory Events via Neuropeptide Substance P-Dependent Pathways

194 citations , March 2003 in “American Journal of Pathology”

This study found that psychoemotional stress disrupts hair growth in mice by terminating anagen and suggests a potential pathway for pharmacological management of stress-related hair loss in humans.

research The Pattern and Profile of Alopecia Areata in Singapore: A Study of 219 Asians

275 citations , November 2002 in “International Journal of Dermatology”

This study found that among an Asian population with alopecia areata, commonly first episodes occurred before age 40, with severe cases linked to psychological effects and treatments showing significant regrowth.

research Alopecia Areata: Animal Models

69 citations , July 2002 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology”

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research The Psychology of Hair Loss and Its Implications for Patient Care

138 citations , March 2001 in “Clinics in Dermatology”

This review discusses the relationship between perceived stress and hair loss or graying, exploring hair follicles as a model system but reports no new clinical results.

research Experimental Induction of Alopecia Areata-Like Hair Loss in C3H/HeJ Mice Using Full-Thickness Skin Grafts

131 citations , November 1998 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

This study observed that alopecia areata can be induced and serially transferred in C3H/HeJ mice using skin grafts, providing a useful model for studying the disease in humans.

research Hair Loss After Routine Immunizations

87 citations , October 1997 in “JAMA”

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research Cytokines and Growth Factors Influence Hair Growth In Vitro: Possible Implications for the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Alopecia Areata

91 citations , March 1996 in “Archives of Dermatological Research”

This study concluded that cytokines and growth factors significantly regulate hair growth in vitro, with some completely inhibiting growth, such as EGF and TNFα.

Treatment of Chronic Severe Alopecia Areata with Topical Diphenylcyclopropenone and 5% Minoxidil: A Clinical and Immunopathologic Evaluation

research Treatment of Chronic Severe Alopecia Areata with Topical Diphenylcyclopropenone and 5% Minoxidil: A Clinical and Immunopathologic Evaluation

41 citations , November 1993 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

This study found that DPCP treatment led to cosmetically acceptable hair regrowth in 38% of patients with chronic severe alopecia areata, while adding 5% minoxidil showed no significant clinical benefit.

research Profile of Alopecia Areata: A Questionnaire Analysis of Patients and Families

161 citations , March 1992 in “International Journal of Dermatology”

This study analyzed survey responses from 800 alopecia areata patients and found a possible genetic association with increased insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in relatives but not in the patients themselves.