Granzyme B in Autoimmune Skin Disease

This study found that pentoxifylline plus topical corticosteroids had the highest treatment success rate for alopecia areata compared to no treatment, but the best overall treatment remains uncertain due to varying data.

In this study, researchers observed that follicular damage and stem cell loss in frontal fibrosing alopecia may be mediated by immune attacks at the bulge region, suggesting potential for JAK/STAT-targeting treatments to prevent progression.

This study found that JAK inhibitors for alopecia areata showed promising response rates, with 72.4% of 289 cases responding, and oral administration achieving better outcomes than topical treatment, but recurrence occurred when treatment stopped. Further large-scale studies are needed to confirm these findings.

This review suggests that oral prednisolone pulse therapy and oral inosiplex may be effective for alopecia areata, but robust evidence from randomized controlled trials is lacking, highlighting the need for better-designed future studies.

This study identified upregulation of genes linked to fibroproliferative disorders, such as platelet-derived growth factor and collagen genes, in patients with central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia, suggesting potential therapeutic targets.

This review discusses the classification and diagnosis of primary cicatricial alopecias and reports no new clinical results; it highlights the need for effective treatments owing to limited evidence of current therapies' efficacy.

This study suggests that CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes play a crucial role in the development of alopecia areata, based on observations in rodent models that mimic human autoimmune disease.

This review reports that alopecia areata affects about 2% of people globally and is linked with psychiatric and medical comorbidities, highlighting its significant disease burden.

This study found that Greek adult women with scarring alopecia experience more significant psychological burden and quality of life impairment compared to those with non-scarring alopecia.

This study found that JAK inhibitors promote hair regrowth in both mice and human alopecia areata cases by blocking key immune pathways involved in disease development.

This study suggests that vitamin A influences the immune response and hair cycle, affecting the progression of alopecia areata in mouse models.

This review discusses the pathogenesis and challenges in treating primary cicatricial alopecia, highlighting the need to understand immune protection collapse in hair follicle stem cells; it reports no new clinical results.

This study demonstrated the expression of type 1 interferon-related proteins in inflammatory lesions of alopecia areata, showing a distinct distribution pattern compared to cicatricial alopecia.