Differential Impact of Environmental Factors on Systemic and Localized Autoimmunity

    May 2023 in “ Frontiers in immunology
    Hanane Touil, Kristin Mounts, Philip L. De Jager
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    TLDR Environmental factors like diet and vitamin levels, especially Vitamin D, can affect autoimmune diseases differently, with lifestyle changes potentially improving outcomes.
    This review examines the role of environmental factors such as lifestyle, nutrition, and vitamin deficiencies in the development and progression of autoimmune diseases, specifically Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), and Alopecia Areata (AA). It highlights the common association of low Vitamin D levels with these conditions, particularly its correlation with disease activity in MS and AA, while noting the less clear relationship in SLE. The review also discusses other vitamins, overall diet, and lifestyle impacts on these diseases. For instance, dietary interventions in MS patients have shown improvements in clinical outcomes and quality of life, and certain diets and supplements have been linked to lower incidence and improved symptoms in MS, SLE, and AA. Conversely, obesity is associated with a higher incidence of MS and organ damage in SLE. The review underscores the complex interaction between environmental factors and genetic susceptibility in autoimmunity and suggests that understanding these relationships could lead to therapeutic interventions.
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