Impact of Vitamin D on Immunopathology of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis: From Theory to Practice

The review examines the role of vitamin D in the immunopathology of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis (HT), an autoimmune thyroid disease. It suggests that vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased thyroid autoimmunity, and supplementation may reduce antithyroid antibody levels and improve thyroid function by modulating immune responses. Studies, including a large Canadian program with 11,017 participants, indicate that vitamin D supplementation can significantly reduce antithyroid antibodies and improve thyroid function. However, results vary, with some studies showing no significant correlation between vitamin D and certain cytokine levels. The review highlights the need for further research to understand vitamin D's mechanisms and therapeutic benefits in HT, including optimal dosing and interactions with other treatments.