The Role of Nutrition on Thyroid Function

This review highlights the critical role of nutrition, particularly micronutrients like iodine, selenium, iron, zinc, copper, magnesium, vitamin A, and vitamin B12, in maintaining thyroid health through the diet–gut–thyroid axis. Nutritional imbalances can lead to thyroid dysfunctions, autoimmune thyroid diseases, and thyroid cancer. Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone synthesis, with specific intake recommendations to prevent deficiencies. Selenium and vitamin D may benefit autoimmune thyroid conditions, while iron and zinc are crucial for hormone synthesis. The review emphasizes the importance of a balanced diet rich in these nutrients and calls for further research to understand their therapeutic potential and interactions with the gut microbiota.