The Role of Nutrition on Thyroid Function

This narrative review explores the critical role of nutrition in thyroid function through the diet–gut–thyroid axis, emphasizing the impact of micronutrients like iodine, selenium, iron, zinc, copper, magnesium, vitamin A, and vitamin B12 on thyroid hormone synthesis and regulation. It highlights how dietary changes can affect the gut microbiota, potentially leading to thyroid dysfunction, autoimmune thyroid diseases, and thyroid cancer through mechanisms such as immunological regulation and nutrient absorption. The review underscores the importance of a balanced diet rich in essential micronutrients for maintaining thyroid health and identifies areas needing further research.