PI3K-Akt-mTOR and Associated Signaling Pathways as Molecular Drivers of Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Skin Diseases: Update on Therapeutic Strategy Using Natural and Synthetic Compounds

The document reviews the role of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway in immune-mediated inflammatory skin diseases and explores therapeutic strategies using natural and synthetic compounds. It highlights the pathway's involvement in conditions like psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, alopecia areata, and others, emphasizing its potential as a therapeutic target. Various natural products (e.g., flavonoids like apigenin, baicalin, fisetin) and synthetic compounds (e.g., rapamycin, methotrexate) have shown promise in modulating this pathway to reduce inflammation and improve skin health. The review underscores the need for further research to validate these findings and develop effective treatments with minimal toxicity.