Alopecia Areata: From Immunopathogenesis to Emerging Therapeutic Approaches

    November 2025 in “ Frontiers in Immunology ”
    Su‐Young Kim, Hyun Joo Lee, Jeong Heo, Beom Joon Kim, Joon Seok
    TLDR New treatments for alopecia areata show promise in improving hair loss outcomes.
    Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disorder causing hair loss, primarily driven by NKG2D<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells targeting hair follicles. Current treatments, including JAK inhibitors, show limited efficacy and high relapse rates. Emerging therapies, such as neutralizing antibodies against cytokines and chemokines, and S1P receptor modulators, offer new hope. The review highlights the importance of understanding immune cell roles in AA and explores novel immunomodulatory strategies and therapeutic targets to improve treatment outcomes.
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