Type-2 Immunity Associated With Type-1 Related Skin Inflammatory Diseases: Friend Or Foe?

May 2024 in “ Frontiers in Immunology ”

Laure Migayron, Sylvie Bordes, B. Closs, Julien Sénéschal, Katia Boniface

type-2 immunity type-1 immunity alopecia areata vitiligo localized scleroderma IL-4 IL-13 fibrosis JAK inhibitors IL-4/IL-13 axis AA LS

This mini-review examines the role of type-2 immunity in type-1-related skin inflammatory diseases, such as alopecia areata (AA), vitiligo, and localized scleroderma (LS). It reveals that while type-1 immunity is traditionally associated with these conditions, type-2 immunity also plays a significant role. In LS, type-2 cytokines like IL-4 and IL-13 are linked to fibrosis, and in AA, elevated type-2 markers suggest involvement in disease pathogenesis. The review highlights the potential of treatments targeting type-2 responses, such as JAK inhibitors and therapies focusing on the IL-4/IL-13 axis, which show promise in specific patient subsets. Further research is needed to understand whether type-2 immunity is protective or detrimental in these diseases, which could improve patient stratification for targeted therapies.

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