Dupilumab Therapy for Alopecia Areata in a 4-Year-Old Patient Resistant to Baricitinib

The document discusses a case study of a 4-year-old patient with alopecia universalis, a severe form of alopecia areata, who didn't respond to the JAK inhibitor baricitinib but showed positive results with dupilumab therapy. After 10 months of treatment, the patient experienced hair regrowth on the scalp, eyebrows, and eyelashes. Dupilumab, a human monoclonal IgG4 antibody, regulates Th2 inflammatory responses and has proven effective in patients with alopecia areata, especially those with high levels of IgE. The study suggests that dupilumab could be a promising treatment for severe alopecia areata patients resistant to JAK inhibitors, particularly in pediatric patients. This is the first report of successful treatment with dupilumab in a patient under 6 years old who was resistant to JAK inhibitors.