Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Alopecia Areata: A Narrative Review

Alopecia Areata (AA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder causing patchy hair loss, with potential progression to alopecia totalis or universalis, impacting patients' quality of life. The disorder is linked to the breakdown of hair follicle immune privilege and autoimmune attacks. Traditional treatments like corticosteroids and JAK inhibitors often have limited success and high relapse rates. Stem cell-based therapies have emerged as a promising alternative, showing significant potential in promoting hair regrowth in preliminary trials. However, further research is needed to assess long-term safety and efficacy. This review discusses recent advancements in stem cell therapies for AA, their mechanisms, and future clinical applications.