Alopecia Areata: Animal Models Illuminate Autoimmune Pathogenesis and Novel Immunotherapeutic Strategies

March 2016 in “ Autoimmunity reviews ”

Amos Gilhar, Adam G. Schrum, Amos Etzioni, Herman Waldmann, Ralf Paus

alopecia areata autoimmune disease hair loss C3H/HeJ mice SCID mice immune privilege CD8+ T cells IFN-γ IL-15 NKG2D MICA ULBP3 Janus kinase inhibitors JAK inhibitors potassium channel Kv1.3 PDE4 inhibitor apremilast AA PDE4 inhibitors

From the encyclopedia

Alopecia Areata →

autoimmune disorder causing patchy hair loss

Mica →

Studysummary This review explores animal models of alopecia areata, particularly focusing on the insights they've provided into the disease's immune mechanisms and potential treatment approaches, without reporting new experimental data.

Automatically generated from the study's abstract, not written by a person, and not a review of the full paper. Not medical advice or a treatment recommendation. Read the original study, and consult a qualified healthcare professional before changing treatment. Full disclaimer

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Research cited in this study

47 / 47 results

research Familial Aggregation of Alopecia Areata

295 citations , May 2016 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”

This review examines the immunological aspects of alopecia areata, focusing on genetic, neuroimmunological, and immune privilege factors, but does not report new clinical findings.

research Biomarkers of Alopecia Areata Disease Activity and Response to Corticosteroid Treatment

65 citations , December 2015 in “Experimental dermatology”

This study found that both Th1 and Th2 immune responses, along with IL-23 and IL-32 cytokine pathways, are active in alopecia areata lesions, and corticosteroid injections significantly altered these immune markers.

research Pharmacologic Inhibition of JAK-STAT Signaling Promotes Hair Growth

159 citations , October 2015 in “Science Advances”

This study observed that applying JAK-STAT pathway inhibitors to mouse and human skin led to rapid hair growth by inducing the anagen phase of hair follicles.

research The Role of Lymphocytes in the Development and Treatment of Alopecia Areata

60 citations , September 2015 in “Expert Review of Clinical Immunology”

This study suggests that CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes play a crucial role in the development of alopecia areata, based on observations in rodent models that mimic human autoimmune disease.

research Imbalance of T-Helper 17 and Regulatory T Cells in Patients with Alopecia Areata

62 citations , June 2015 in “The Journal of Dermatology”

This study found that patients with alopecia areata had higher levels of Th17 cells and lower levels of regulatory T cells compared to healthy controls, suggesting an immune imbalance in these patients.

research Hair Regrowth in Alopecia Areata Patients Following Stem Cell Educator Therapy

55 citations , April 2015 in “BMC medicine”

This study found that the Stem Cell Educator therapy improved hair regrowth and quality of life in patients with severe alopecia areata by restoring immune balance and protecting hair follicles from autoimmune damage.

research Organ Specificity in Autoimmune Diseases: Thyroid and Islet Autoimmunity in Alopecia Areata

32 citations , March 2015 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism”

In this study, alopecia areata was associated with thyroid autoimmunity but not islet autoimmunity, correlating with specific class II HLA haplotypes linked to various autoimmune diseases.

research Reversal of Alopecia Areata Following Treatment With the JAK1/2 Inhibitor Baricitinib

184 citations , February 2015 in “EBioMedicine”

This study observed that baricitinib treatment led to significant improvement in a patient's alopecia areata symptoms and suggests further clinical trials to explore its potential as a treatment.

research The Genetics Of Alopecia Areata: New Approaches, New Findings, New Treatments

62 citations , January 2015 in “Journal of Dermatological Science”

This review summarizes the current genetic research on alopecia areata, including potential new therapeutic strategies, but reports no new clinical findings.

research Polymorphisms in the Promoter Regions of the CXCL1 and CXCL2 Genes Contribute to Increased Risk of Alopecia Areata in the Korean Population

8 citations , January 2015 in “Genetics and Molecular Research”

This study found that specific SNPs in the CXCL1 and CXCL2 genes may be associated with increased susceptibility to alopecia areata in the Korean population.

research Molecular Genetics of Alopecias

9 citations , January 2015 in “Current problems in dermatology”

This review highlights recent genetic research advancements in understanding hereditary hair diseases but reports no new study results, emphasizing the identification of genes related to both monogenic and polygenic hair disorders.

research The PDE4 Inhibitor, Apremilast, Suppresses Experimentally Induced Alopecia Areata in Human Skin In Vivo

52 citations , December 2014 in “Journal of Dermatological Science”

Apremilast may help treat hair loss in alopecia areata.

research The Autoimmune Basis of Alopecia Areata: A Comprehensive Review

162 citations , October 2014 in “Autoimmunity reviews”

This review discusses alopecia areata, highlighting its autoimmune aspects, environmental triggers, and current treatment options, but reports no new clinical results; recent studies suggest JAK pathway intervention may offer therapeutic potential.

research Getting to the Root of Hair Loss in Alopecia

2 citations , September 2014 in “Nature reviews. Drug discover/Nature reviews. Drug discovery”

Specific immune cells cause alopecia areata and blocking certain proteins can prevent it.

research Inhibiting Janus Kinases to Treat Alopecia Areata

52 citations , September 2014 in “Nature medicine”

JAK inhibitors might help treat alopecia areata.

research Alopecia Areata Is Driven by Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes and Is Reversed by JAK Inhibition

701 citations , August 2014 in “Nature medicine”

This study found that JAK inhibitors promote hair regrowth in both mice and human alopecia areata cases by blocking key immune pathways involved in disease development.

research Association Between TLR1 Polymorphisms and Alopecia Areata

20 citations , April 2014 in “Autoimmunity”

In this study, TLR1 gene polymorphism rs4833095 was significantly associated with increased susceptibility to alopecia areata in the Korean population.

research Alopecia Areata: Updates from the Mouse Perspective

8 citations , December 2013 in “The journal of investigative dermatology. Symposium proceedings/The Journal of investigative dermatology symposium proceedings”

This review discusses recent advancements made in using mouse models to investigate the genetic complexity and pathogenesis of alopecia areata, emphasizing potential new treatment targets, but it reports no new findings.

research Current Treatment of Alopecia Areata

71 citations , December 2013 in “The journal of investigative dermatology. Symposium proceedings/The Journal of investigative dermatology symposium proceedings”

This review discusses various treatments for alopecia areata, highlighting their limitations and individualized approach, and reports no new clinical results.

research Overview of Alopecia Areata

110 citations , December 2013 in “The journal of investigative dermatology. Symposium proceedings/The Journal of investigative dermatology symposium proceedings”

This article reviews current understanding of alopecia areata, its genetic and immune factors, and discusses ongoing research and treatment development, without presenting new experimental results.

research Hair Follicle Mesenchyme-Associated PD-L1 Regulates T-Cell Activation Induced Apoptosis: A Potential Mechanism of Immune Privilege

53 citations , September 2013 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study suggests that cultured hair follicle dermal sheath cup cells exhibit immune privilege properties, partly through the expression of PD-L1, which impacts co-cultured immune cells' behavior.

research Blocking Potassium Channels (Kv1.3): A New Treatment Option for Alopecia Areata?

28 citations , March 2013 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Kv1.3 blockers may help treat alopecia areata and promote hair regrowth.

research Somatostatin Expression in Human Hair Follicles and Its Potential Role in Immune Privilege

27 citations , January 2013 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

This study identified somatostatin as a potential secretory factor contributing to the immune privilege of human hair follicles.

research Autoimmune Disease Induction in a Healthy Human Organ: A Humanized Mouse Model of Alopecia Areata

75 citations , October 2012 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study developed an animal model that recreates alopecia areata by injecting healthy human skin grafts in immunocompromised mice with peripheral blood mononuclear cells enriched for NKG2D+ and CD56+ cells.

research Endogenous Retinoids in the Pathogenesis of Alopecia Areata

54 citations , September 2012 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

This study suggests that vitamin A influences the immune response and hair cycle, affecting the progression of alopecia areata in mouse models.

research Alopecia Areata: An Autoimmune Disease Causing Hair Loss

421 citations , April 2012 in “The New England Journal of Medicine”

Alopecia Areata is an autoimmune condition causing hair loss with no cure and treatments that often don't work well.

research The Pathogenesis of Primary Cicatricial Alopecias

150 citations , October 2010 in “The American Journal of Pathology”

This review discusses the pathogenesis and challenges in treating primary cicatricial alopecia, highlighting the need to understand immune protection collapse in hair follicle stem cells; it reports no new clinical results.

research Hair Follicle as a Target of Stress Hormones and Autoimmune Reactions

61 citations , September 2010 in “Journal of Dermatological Science”

This review discusses the interplay between hormonal and immune systems in hair follicles and reports no new results, highlighting the need for further research on their role in skin biology and alopecia areata.

research Genome-Wide Association Study in Alopecia Areata Implicates Both Innate and Adaptive Immunity

717 citations , June 2010 in “Nature”

This study identified key genetic regions associated with alopecia areata, highlighting both acquired and innate immune involvement, with a novel link to the upregulation of ULBP ligands in autoimmune disease.

research Alopecia Areata Update

244 citations , January 2010 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”

This review discusses treatment options for alopecia areata and suggests tailored treatment plans, noting the challenges posed by spontaneous remission and limited high-quality clinical trials.

research Alopecia Areata Update

391 citations , January 2010 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

This article reviews the clinical presentation and histopathologic features of alopecia areata and proposes a hypothesis for its development, but it reports no new clinical results.

research Neuroendocrine Perspectives in Alopecia Areata: Does Stress Play a Role?

69 citations , May 2009 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This research highlights that psychological stress can adversely affect hair growth in mice, implicating potential pathways that may be relevant in understanding stress-induced hair growth inhibition in humans.

research The C3H/HeJ Mouse and DEBR Rat Models for Alopecia Areata: Review of Preclinical Drug Screening Approaches and Results

59 citations , September 2008 in “Experimental dermatology”

This study reports that C3H/HeJ mice and DEBR rats serve as effective models for screening potential treatments for human alopecia areata, despite certain challenges in predictability and cost.

research Controlled Delivery of T-box21 Small Interfering RNA Ameliorates Autoimmune Alopecia in a C3H/HeJ Mouse Model

69 citations , February 2008 in “The American journal of pathology”

This study found that local injections of interleukin-4 and neutralizing anti-interferon-γ antibody effectively treated alopecia in a mouse model, suggesting potential therapeutic pathways for human alopecia areata.

research Maintenance of Hair Follicle Immune Privilege Is Linked to Prevention of NK Cell Attack

253 citations , December 2007 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study suggests that human hair follicles may actively suppress natural killer cells, which contrasts with the observed defects in NK cell regulation in alopecia areata.

research Probing the Effects of Stress Mediators on the Human Hair Follicle

159 citations , November 2007 in “American Journal of Pathology”

In this study, researchers found that substance P triggered premature catagen development and immune changes in human scalp hair follicles, providing a possible biological link between stress and hair loss conditions like telogen effluvium and alopecia areata.

research Lymphocytes, Neuropeptides, And Genes Involved In Alopecia Areata

286 citations , August 2007 in “Journal of Clinical Investigation”

This review examines the interplay of genetics and neuroimmunology in alopecia areata, highlighting its potential to inform broader autoimmunity research, but reports no new findings.

research Genomewide Scan for Linkage Reveals Evidence of Several Susceptibility Loci for Alopecia Areata

143 citations , January 2007 in “The American Journal of Human Genetics”

This study identified four genetic loci on chromosomes 6, 10, 16, and 18 that may contribute to susceptibility for alopecia areata and suggested shared genetic factors with psoriasis.

research Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Chain-Related Gene A Polymorphisms and Extended Haplotypes Are Associated with Familial Alopecia Areata

44 citations , December 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study found significant associations between certain MICA variants and haplotypes with alopecia areata, suggesting MICA as a potential candidate gene linked to the disease's susceptibility and severity.

research The Functional Relevance of the Type 1 Cytokines IFN-γ and IL-2 in Alopecia Areata of C3H/HeJ Mice

20 citations , November 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings”

This study found that IFN-γ plays a critical role in T cell activation and the pathogenesis of alopecia areata in C3H/HeJ mice.

research Alopecia Areata in C3H/HeJ Mice Involves Leukocyte-Mediated Root Sheath Disruption in Advance of Overt Hair Loss

37 citations , November 2003 in “Veterinary pathology”

This study showed that in C3H/HeJ mice, focal follicular inflammation starts before overt hair loss, with inflammation severity possibly reaching a threshold causing hair follicle dystrophy prior to visible hair loss.

research The Pathogenesis of Alopecia Areata in Rodent Models

23 citations , June 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings”

This review discusses rodent models of alopecia areata and suggests they are crucial for understanding the autoimmune mechanisms and potential treatments but reports no new clinical results.

research Alopecia Areata: Animal Models

69 citations , July 2002 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology”

This review discusses rodent models of alopecia areata and highlights genetic and epigenetic factors influencing its development, but reports no new experimental results.

research Transient CD44 Variant Isoform Expression and Reduction in CD4+/CD25+ Regulatory T Cells in C3H/HeJ Mice with Alopecia Areata

77 citations , June 2002 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

CD44 variant changes start alopecia areata, but don't maintain it.

research Experimental Induction of Alopecia Areata-Like Hair Loss in C3H/HeJ Mice Using Full-Thickness Skin Grafts

131 citations , November 1998 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

This study observed that alopecia areata can be induced and serially transferred in C3H/HeJ mice using skin grafts, providing a useful model for studying the disease in humans.

research Comparison of Alopecia Areata in Human and Nonhuman Mammalian Species

71 citations , January 1998 in “Pathobiology”

This review discusses the use of animal models to study alopecia areata and reports no new experimental results, emphasizing the potential for these models to explore the disease's genetics and treatment.

research Alopecia Areata in Aging C3H/HeJ Mice

178 citations , June 1994 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study found that a non-scarring alopecia in C3H/HeJ mice resembles human alopecia areata and may serve as a valuable model for studying specific subtypes of the human condition.