The Autoimmune Basis of Alopecia Areata: A Comprehensive Review

    October 2014 in “ Autoimmunity reviews
    Naseeha Islam, Patrick S.C. Leung, Arthur C. Huntley, M. Eric Gershwin
    TLDR Alopecia areata is caused by the immune system attacking hair follicles.
    Alopecia areata (AA) is a non-scarring hair loss disorder with a prevalence of 0.1%-0.2% worldwide, affecting individuals regardless of age, gender, or ethnicity. The etiology of AA is not fully understood but is believed to involve genetic predispositions, environmental factors, and autoimmune responses, particularly the destruction of the hair follicle immune privilege site by CD8+ T-cells. Clinical features of AA vary widely, making diagnosis challenging. Treatment options are limited, with intralesional corticosteroids being relatively effective for mild cases, while severe forms remain difficult to treat. AA can cause significant psychological distress, and ongoing research aims to better understand and manage this condition.
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