Updates in Treatment for Androgenetic Alopecia

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a prevalent hair loss condition influenced by genetics and androgens like dihydrotestosterone (DHT), leading to hair follicle miniaturization. Traditional treatments include topical minoxidil and oral finasteride, but their long-term use and side effects have spurred interest in alternatives. Current treatments are divided into androgen-targeting, such as finasteride and dutasteride, and non-androgen-targeting, like topical minoxidil. Emerging therapies include low-dose oral minoxidil, low-level light therapy, platelet-rich plasma, exosome treatments, and innovative approaches targeting the androgen receptor, such as small interfering RNA-based therapies in clinical trials. This review provides a comprehensive update on these advancements, focusing on their mechanisms, efficacy, and safety.