Factors Associated With Early-Onset Androgenetic Alopecia: A Scoping Review

This scoping review analyzed 65 articles to understand the factors associated with early-onset androgenetic alopecia (AGA), defined as occurring before age 30 in 43.08% of the studies. It found that early-onset AGA is linked to family history, smoking, poor diet, high BMI, hormonal imbalances, and specific genetic markers. Men with early-onset AGA are at a higher risk for metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, and may have reduced treatment efficacy for these conditions. A systematic review included in the analysis found a pooled odds ratio of 3.88 for the association between early-onset AGA and metabolic syndrome. Additionally, early-onset AGA affects psychological health, leading to issues like anxiety and low self-esteem. The review concludes that early-onset AGA is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome and could serve as an early indicator for these conditions. It also notes potential links with Parkinson's disease, decreased fertility, and prostate disease, emphasizing the need for early detection and comprehensive management of AGA.