1 citations
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June 2016 in “FEBS open bio” This study reports that topical fish oil treatment in GsdmA3 Dfl/+ mice increased cellular proliferation and macrophages but did not affect COX-2 expression related to psoriasis-like skin changes.
40 citations
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March 2022 in “Small” In an animal model, this study found that PEG hydrogels delivering M2 macrophage-derived exosomes effectively promoted M1 to M2 macrophage transition and enhanced wound healing.
November 2025 in “Wound Repair and Regeneration” This review highlights single-cell sequencing's role in understanding macrophages' diverse functions and subtypes in skin wound healing, emphasizing macrophages' importance in tissue restoration and identifying key genes involved in the process.
April 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that a single high dose of oral vitamin D reduced UV-induced skin erythema and inflammation in humans by enhancing autophagy, suggesting new clinical avenues for skin repair.
June 2026 in “Morphology” This study found that IBA-1-immunopositive macrophages in rat skin during wound healing show varied morphometric characteristics and peak in numbers at 2, 6, and 15 days post-injury.
2 citations
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December 2011 in “[Thesis]. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester; 2011.” The study suggests that immune privilege collapse in bulge cells and the involvement of pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon-γ contribute to hair follicle stem cell loss in lichen planopilaris.
October 2024 in “International journal of medicine and psychology.” In this study, researchers explored the immunological mechanisms involved in alopecia areata and suggested that targeting immune responses, particularly using JAK inhibitors and other immunomodulatory drugs, could help achieve stable remission and improve patients' quality of life.
7 citations
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January 2022 in “Biomedicines” In this study, hair follicle-derived mesenchymal stromal cells showed potential for immunomodulation, with equivalent or superior responses compared to those from adipose tissue, suggesting a promising alternative cell source.
July 2026 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Alopecia totalis/universalis involves more intense immune activity and inflammation than patchy alopecia areata.
14 citations
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March 2014 in “Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea” This study suggests that ethanol extracts from ten selected Korean herb medicines reduced inflammatory markers in a cell model and did not cause skin irritation in human testing, indicating potential cosmetic use for irritation prevention.
8 citations
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August 2021 in “Aging” This animal study found that berberine may alleviate benign prostatic hyperplasia by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress through inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway.
January 2026 in “British Journal of Dermatology” In this study, distinct immune and cellular profiles were observed in adults with atopic dermatitis associated with high levels of Staphylococcus aureus, including increased proinflammatory T cells and markers of skin barrier impairment, pointing to potential therapeutic targets for managing these interactions.
51 citations
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April 2020 in “Cells” This study found that macrophage extracellular vesicles enriched with Wnt proteins significantly promoted hair follicle growth in mice and increased hair shaft size in human hair follicles, suggesting potential clinical use for treating hair loss.
February 2026 in “Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology” In this single-cell transcriptomic study, researchers analyzed AA scalp samples and found distinct immune and nonimmune cell activation patterns, with elevated TH1/TH2 and JAK/STAT markers potentially contributing to hair follicle immune privilege disruption and disease severity.
June 2025 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” This study found that in alopecia areata, epidermal γδ T cells and macrophages contribute to the disease alongside CD8 T cells, with the expression of BST2 marking interferon-driven immune activation in both mouse and human skin, which decreases following treatment with the JAK inhibitor tofacitinib.
April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” CD206+ macrophages are crucial for hair growth in alopecia areata treatment.
45 citations
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January 2021 in “Drug Delivery” In this study, researchers developed a biomimetic anti-inflammatory nanosystem (MM-CEP/NLCs) that significantly reduced the severity of acute lung injury in vivo by targeting and accumulating in lung inflammation sites, showcasing its potential for treating inflammation.
23 citations
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April 2021 in “International Journal of Dermatology” This case report documented a 25-year-old female patient presenting with systemic lupus erythematosus coinciding with a COVID-19 infection, suggesting a possible link between the two conditions.
21 citations
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July 2020 in “Stem Cell Research & Therapy” This study found that adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells from type 2 diabetes mice were slightly less effective, yet had comparable therapeutic effects on wound healing compared to non-diabetic controls.
3 citations
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September 2024 in “Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology” This study found that human placenta hydrolysate effectively inhibited atopic dermatitis development in stimulated human cells and a mouse model, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for related skin diseases.
April 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” In this study, HPH-15, a newly synthesized compound, demonstrated potential in reducing skin fibrosis in a mouse model by targeting underlying pathogenic mechanisms and exhibited a good safety profile, warranting further clinical trials for fibrotic skin disorders like systemic sclerosis.
37 citations
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August 2019 in “Frontiers in Microbiology” This study found that the S. epidermidis A/C lineage is more pathogenic due to its metabolic and genomic versatility, which allows it to adapt quickly from a commensal to a pathogenic lifestyle.
11 citations
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January 2022 in “Experimental Dermatology” This study suggests that patients with severe, extensive central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia may exhibit a distinct gene expression pattern in the lesional scalp, highlighting potential targets for future research on disease severity and therapies.
5 citations
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September 1989 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This article reports that cocaine injections can lead to skin lesions containing talc crystals at the sites of injection.
2 citations
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February 2024 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This study reported that in a mouse model, Negative Pressure Wound Therapy promotes wound healing by modulating inflammatory responses and increasing dickkopf-related protein 1, which encourages the differentiation of Hair Follicle Stem Cells into epidermal cells.
September 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study suggests that sweat glands may have an immune privilege similar to hair follicles, and disruptions in this could contribute to autoimmune skin diseases.
November 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study explored the effects of red ginseng-derived components on aging skin cells and found they do not have senolytic properties but can alleviate signs of cellular aging and improve skin cell function by reducing senescence markers and inflammation.
May 2023 in “ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering” This study found that a silk fibroin/sodium alginate scaffold effectively delivers human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells to promote scarless wound healing and hair follicle regeneration in vivo by inducing specific cellular processes and mitigating endoplasmic reticulum stress.
In this study, researchers found that myeloid cells can convert into keratinocytes during wound healing and contribute to hair follicle regeneration in mice.
June 2025 in “Academic Medical Journal” This review discusses the mechanisms underlying the collapse of hair follicle immune privilege in alopecia areata and emphasizes the importance of therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring immune tolerance.