Photobiomodulation for Alopecia: Mechanisms of Action

The document reviews photobiomodulation (PBM) as a treatment for alopecia, highlighting its ability to stimulate hair growth and prevent hair loss through mechanisms like enhancing cellular activity and activating cytochrome c oxidase. PBM, using low-level lasers or LEDs, increases ATP production and improves cellular metabolism, showing efficacy in treating both androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata. It also reduces inflammation and promotes hair follicle cycling. Studies, including randomized controlled trials, support PBM's effectiveness, and its combination with treatments like minoxidil or microneedling shows enhanced results. PBM is a promising non-invasive option for hair loss, with further research needed to refine treatment parameters and understand long-term effects.