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This study identified that Mangkokan leaf extracts contain active compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, phenols, and saponins, using different solvents and FTIR analysis.

In this study involving male mice, Mangkokan leaf extract (Polyscias scutellaria) at a 7% concentration was found to heal incision wounds faster compared to 3% and 5% concentrations.

This study found that a phytosome lotion made from Mangkokan leaf extract, using a green solvent and microwave-assisted extraction, demonstrated greater hair growth activity than 2% minoxidil, with the 30% phytosome lotion showing the highest efficacy in increasing hair length, weight, and diameter.

This study formulated two herbal shampoos using natural extracts and reported that their physicochemical properties were comparable to commercial shampoos.

This study found that the ethanol extract of mangkokan leaf (Polyscias scutellarium) demonstrated antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with higher concentrations showing greater inhibition zones, particularly against Staphylococcus aureus.

This systematic review found that mangkokan leaf formulations, especially ethosomal gel or phytosome lotion at 25% concentration, were most effective in stimulating hair growth and improving hair health through various biological mechanisms.

This study concluded that hair tonic formulations using extracts of green tea leaves, celery leaves, or their combination can effectively promote hair growth in guinea pigs, with the fastest growth seen using a 2.5% green tea to 7.5% celery leaf extract ratio.

In this animal study, hibiscus leaf simplicia ointment was found to protect red blood cell levels and promote better hair growth in UV-exposed rats, though it did not maintain normal skin histology; the ointment showed no significant acute dermal toxicity.

In this study, the combination of binahong leaf and lemongrass extracts was found to effectively inhibit the growth of the dandruff-causing fungus Pityrosporum ovale, with the strongest fungal growth inhibition observed at a 50% concentration of each extract.

This study concluded that hair tonic formulated with galangal rhizome and Aloe vera extract was stable according to the Indonesian National Standard, showing consistent organoleptic, pH, and viscosity characteristics after stability testing.

In this study, the NADES extract of mangkokan leaves (Polyscias scutellaria) demonstrated antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with a total flavonoid content measured at 4.944 mgEQ/gSimplisia using the disc diffusion method.

This review compares nanoemulsion formulas from several plants, such as argan and candlenut oils, which showed enhanced effectiveness in promoting hair growth in animal tests.

This study reports that Polyscias scutellaria exhibits diverse pharmacological activities, including antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antidiabetic properties, suggesting potential therapeutic uses in various health applications.

In this study, researchers tested a tea leaf ethanol extract (Camellia sinensis) hair tonic and found it increased average hair growth compared to positive and negative controls over 28 days, but exhibited some instability and inhomogeneity after accelerated testing.

In this study, clove leaf ethanol extract shampoo at 15% concentration effectively promoted hair growth in male white rats, though it was less effective than 5% minoxidil.

In this experimental study using male rabbits, researchers found that a 7.5% concentration of green tea leaf ethanol extract hair tonic was nearly as effective in promoting hair growth as the positive control, minoxidil, over a 21-day period.

This review concluded that a herbal hair tonic formulated with 2.5% green tea leaf extract, in combination with specific solvents and additives, showed the best properties for stimulating hair growth.

This systematic literature review identified kale leaf hair tonic (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.) at 5% concentration as an effective herbal cosmeceutical preparation for enhancing hair growth, showing an average increase in hair length over 21 days, while meeting established pharmaceutical standards.

In an animal study, researchers found that a hair tonic containing a 1:1 ratio of kelor and rambutan leaf extracts led to similar hair growth in rabbits compared to a minoxidil control, with average hair lengths of 3 cm versus 2.025 cm, respectively.

In this study, researchers reported that a combination treatment of Morinda citrifolia fruit extract and Averrhoa bilimbi leaf extract at specific concentrations significantly increased hair growth and weight in rabbits compared to controls, suggesting a potential anti-hair loss effect.

In this study, Avemor, a tonic containing aloe vera and moringa oleifera, along with varying concentrations of dried moringa leaf extracts, was tested on rabbits for hair growth, but the results showed variable effectiveness compared to a minoxidil control.

This study found that 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate is the optimal ionic liquid solvent for extracting quercetin from Nothopanax scutellarium leaves.

This study found that water fractions of Angiopteris evecta stimulated hair growth in male rabbits, suggesting potential alopecia treatment benefits pending further research in humans.

This study explored the traditional use of 18 plant-based remedies by the Amarasi people in Indonesia for treating dandruff and hair loss, detailing plant types, parts used, and processing methods, highlighting their potential as anti-dandruff and anti-baldness treatments.

This study found that aerosols formulated with celery extract and candlenut oil significantly stimulated hair growth in rabbits without causing skin irritation, suggesting their potential as natural and safe alternatives for treating alopecia.

This study found that 12.5% moringa seed oil demonstrated optimal anti-alopecia activity in rabbits, significantly improving hair weight compared to the treatment with 0.1% finasteride.

This study explored the ethnopharmacological use of traditional plants by the Amarasi community in Indonesia for treating dandruff and hair loss, identifying 18 plants with potential anti-dandruff and hair-nourishing properties used by local healers for scalp care.

In this study, a 5% black tea extract hair tonic showed hair growth-promoting activity in rabbits, achieving 9.62 mm growth by day 18, with all tested formulas proving physically stable.

In this experimental study using rabbits, the researchers evaluated hair tonic formulations containing cinnamon essential oil and virgin coconut oil, finding that formula 3 had hair growth activity exceeding the positive control, though overall growth activity differences were not statistically significant.

This study evaluated water extracts from Ambon banana humps incorporated into a cream bath and found it had suitable physical characteristics for use as a hair growth product.