Oral Minoxidil for Alopecia Treatment: Risks, Benefits, and Recommendations

Research cited in this study 122

1. Expert Consensus for Prevention, Diagnosis and Management of Persistent Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia PubMed · 2025
2. Oral Minoxidil 2.5mg vs 5mg for Male Androgenetic Alopecia: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · 2025
3. Increased Risk of Telogen Effluvium with Tirzepatide Compared to Other Weight-Loss Medications: A Retrospective Cohort TriNetX Database Study Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · 2025
4. No Association Between Low-Dose Oral Minoxidil and Tachycardia in a Large Retrospective Cohort Study of Patients With Non-Scarring Alopecia Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · 2025
5. Use of Oral Minoxidil for Androgenetic Alopecia in Transgender and Gender-Diverse People: A Retrospective Study of 27 Patients Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · 2025
6. Orthostatic Symptoms in Women Treated with Low-Dose Oral Minoxidil in the Absence of Overt Hypotension: Implications for Clinical Practice Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · 2025
7. Use of Low-Dose Oral Minoxidil for Hair Growth in Transgender and Gender Non-Binary Adult Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · 2025
8. Oral Minoxidil Treatment of Alopecia Areata Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · 2025
9. Safety and tolerability of low-dose oral minoxidil in patients aged 65 or older: A multicenter study of 321 patients Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · 2025
10. Anti-Androgen Therapy for the Treatment of Female Pattern Hair Loss: A Clinical Review of Current and Emerging Therapies Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · 2025
11. Summation and Recommendations for the Safe and Effective Use of Topical and Oral Minoxidil Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · 2025
12. Low-Dose Oral Minoxidil for Androgenetic Alopecia Is Not Associated With Blood Pressure Changes in Patients Also Taking Other Antihypertensive Medications: A Multi-Center Cohort Study Using TriNetX Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · 2025
13. Does the Transient Hair Shedding Phase Exist After Minoxidil Treatment and Predict Treatment Efficacy? A Retrospective Study in Androgenetic Alopecia Patients Journal of Dermatological Treatment · 2025
14. Discount Pharmacies May Save Patients Significant Money on Androgenetic Alopecia Medications Compared to Both Traditional Pharmacies and Direct-to-Consumer Companies Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · 2025
15. Efficacy and Safety of Minoxidil Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Weighing the Benefits Against the Risk of Hypertrichosis JAAD reviews. · 2025
16. Characterization and Management of Adverse Events of Low-Dose Oral Minoxidil Treatment for Alopecia: A Narrative Review Journal of Clinical Medicine · 2025
17. Spironolactone Reduces the Risk of Low-Dose Oral Minoxidil-Induced Edema in Women with Female Pattern Hair Loss. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · 2025
18. Comparing Adherence, Side Effects, And Satisfaction In Oral And Topical Minoxidil: A Cross-Sectional Study Journal of Drugs in Dermatology · 2025
19. Evaluating Safety and Ethical Implications of Androgenetic Alopecia Treatments: A Comparison of Direct-to-Consumer Platforms and Dermatologist Visits Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · 2024
20. Gender Differences in Adverse Effects and Dosing Practices of Low-Dose Oral Minoxidil for Androgenetic Alopecia: A Retrospective Analysis of 310 Patients Skin Appendage Disorders · 2024
21. Low-Dose Oral Minoxidil Initiation for Patients With Hair Loss JAMA Dermatology · 2024
22. Efficacy and Safety of Oral Minoxidil Versus Topical Solution in Androgenetic Alopecia: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials International Journal of Dermatology · 2024
23. Low-Dose Oral Minoxidil and Associated Adverse Events: Analyses of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System With a Focus on Pericardial Effusions Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology · 2024
24. Direct-To-Consumer Androgenetic Alopecia Treatments: A Cost Comparison With Traditional Pharmacies Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · 2024
25. Minoxidil-Induced Hypertrichosis: Pathophysiology, Clinical Implications, and Therapeutic Strategies JAAD reviews. · 2024
26. Oral Minoxidil for Late Alopecia in Cancer Survivors Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · 2024
27. Evaluation of Pericardial Effusions in Alopecia Patients on Low-Dose Oral Minoxidil Therapy Journal of Drugs in Dermatology · 2024
28. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Laboratory Monitoring in Newly Diagnosed Telogen Effluvium Patients Archives of dermatological research · 2024
29. Evaluation of the Safety and Effectiveness of Oral Minoxidil in Children: A Systematic Review Dermatology and therapy · 2024
30. The Impact of Monotherapies for Male Androgenetic Alopecia: A Network Meta-Analysis Study Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2024
31. Oral Minoxidil Versus Topical Minoxidil for Male Androgenetic Alopecia JAMA dermatology · 2024
32. Combating Dread Shed: The Impact of Overlapping Topical and Oral Minoxidil on Temporary Hair Shedding During Oral Minoxidil Initiation JAAD International · 2024
33. Low-Dose Oral Minoxidil for Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia: Gender Differences in Blood Pressure and Hypotension-Related Adverse Effects Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · 2024
34. Safety and Efficacy of Minoxidil Treatment in Scarring Alopecia: A Scoping Review PubMed · 2024
35. European Expert Consensus Statement on the Systemic Treatment of Alopecia Areata JEADV. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology/Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology · 2024
36. Increased Interest in Oral Minoxidil for Hair Loss Treatment Following Publication of August 2022 New York Times Article: A Google Trends Analysis Skin appendage disorders · 2023
37. Persistent Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia Treated With Low Dose Oral Minoxidil: A Multicenter Retrospective Case Series of 15 Patients Dermatology practical & conceptual · 2023
38. Shedding Low Yield Testing for Telogen Effluvium: A Cross-Sectional Study of Laboratory Results from Newly Diagnosed Patients Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology · 2023
39. Alopecia Areata: An Updated Review for 2023 Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery · 2023
40. Compliance to Topical Minoxidil and Reasons for Discontinuation Among Patients With Androgenetic Alopecia Dermatology and therapy · 2023
41. Morning Periorbital Edema Due to Low Dose Oral Minoxidil Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas · 2023
42. Treatment of Moderate-to-Severe Alopecia Areata in Adolescents With Baricitinib: A Retrospective Review of 29 Patients Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology · 2023
43. Low-Dose Oral Minoxidil for Alopecia: A Comprehensive Review Skin appendage disorders · 2023
44. Efficacy of Low-Dose Oral Minoxidil in the Management of Anticancer Therapy-Induced Alopecia in Patients With Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology · 2022
45. Serious Complication of Low-Dose Oral Minoxidil for Hair Loss JAAD case reports · 2022
46. Pericarditis and Peripheral Edema in a Healthy Man on Low-Dose Oral Minoxidil Therapy JAAD Case Reports · 2022
47. Low-Dose Oral Minoxidil in Female Patients With Lichen Planopilaris: Real-Life Experience Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology · 2022
48. Systemic Minoxidil for Hair Disorders in Pediatric Patients: A Safety and Tolerability Review International Journal of Dermatology · 2022
49. Before-After Study With 24-Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring After the First Dose of 5 Mg Oral Minoxidil Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology · 2022
50. Pericardial, Pleural Effusion and Anasarca: A Rare Complication of Low-Dose Oral Minoxidil for Hair Loss JAAD case reports · 2022
51. Reversible Hair Loss in a Patient With Cicatricial Alopecia: A Case of Regrowth Associated With Pioglitazone Use JAAD case reports · 2022
52. Safety and Tolerability of Low-Dose Oral Minoxidil in Adolescents: A Retrospective Review Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · 2022
53. Pathogenesis of Androgenetic Alopecia 2022
54. Prospective Cardiovascular Evaluation with 24-Hour Holter and Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Men Using 5-mg Oral Minoxidil for Androgenetic Alopecia Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology · 2022
55. Low-Dose Oral Minoxidil for Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia and Telogen Effluvium in a Pediatric Population: A Descriptive Study Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology · 2022
56. Two Phase 3 Trials of Baricitinib for Alopecia Areata The New England Journal of Medicine · 2022
57. Oral Minoxidil Use in Androgenetic Alopecia and Telogen Effluvium Archives of Dermatological Research · 2022
58. Minoxidil-Induced Hypertrichosis in a Breastfed Infant Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology · 2022
59. Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling: Function, Biological Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Opportunities Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · 2022
60. Oral Minoxidil for Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia Skin appendage disorders · 2022
61. Oral Minoxidil in Trichology: A Review Indian journal of drugs in dermatology · 2022
62. Androgenetic Alopecia in Transgender and Gender Diverse Populations: A Review of Therapeutics Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology · 2021
63. Perifollicular Inflammation and Follicular Spongiosis in Androgenetic Alopecia Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology · 2021
64. Minoxidil: A Comprehensive Review Journal of Dermatological Treatment · 2021
65. Treatment of Pediatric Alopecia Areata: A Systematic Review Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · 2021
66. Review of Oral Minoxidil as Treatment of Hair Disorders: In Search of the Perfect Dose 2021
67. Low-Dose Oral Minoxidil for Treating Alopecia: A 3-Year North American Retrospective Case Series Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology · 2020
68. Safety of Low-Dose Oral Minoxidil Treatment for Hair Loss: A Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis of Individual Patient Data Dermatologic Therapy · 2020
69. Oral Minoxidil Treatment for Hair Loss: A Review of Efficacy and Safety Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology · 2020
70. Prevention and Treatment of Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia Dermatology practical & conceptual · 2020
71. Low-Dose Oral Minoxidil as Treatment for Non-Scarring Alopecia: A Systematic Review International Journal of Dermatology · 2020
72. Oral Minoxidil Improves Background Hair Thickness in Lichen Planopilaris Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology · 2020
73. Combination Tofacitinib and Oral Minoxidil Treatment for Severe Alopecia Areata Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology · 2019
74. Variant PADI3 in Central Centrifugal Cicatricial Alopecia The New England Journal of Medicine · 2019
75. Female Pattern Hair Loss: A Clinical, Pathophysiologic, and Therapeutic Review International Journal of Women's Dermatology · 2018
76. Hair Disorders in Patients with Cancer Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology · 2018
77. Understanding and Addressing Hair Disorders in Transgender Individuals American Journal of Clinical Dermatology · 2018
78. Minoxidil Downregulates Interleukin-1 Alpha Gene Expression in HaCaT Cells International Journal of Trichology · 2018
79. Minoxidil Acts as an Antiandrogen: A Study of 5α-Reductase Type 2 Gene Expression in a Human Keratinocyte Cell Line PubMed · 2017
80. Treatment of Chronic Telogen Effluvium with Oral Minoxidil: A Retrospective Study F1000Research · 2017
81. Androgenetic Alopecia: A Review Endocrine · 2017
82. Hair Camouflage: A Comprehensive Review International Journal of Women's Dermatology · 2017
83. Hair Camouflage: A Comprehensive Review International Journal of Women's Dermatology · 2016
84. Epidemiology and Burden of Alopecia Areata: A Systematic Review Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology · 2015
85. Telogen Effluvium: A Review Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research · 2015
86. Minoxidil May Suppress Androgen Receptor-Related Functions Oncotarget · 2014
87. Signaling Involved in Hair Follicle Morphogenesis and Development International Journal of Molecular Sciences · 2014
88. Primary Cicatricial Alopecia: Diagnosis and Treatment Canadian Medical Association Journal · 2013
89. Evaluation of Perifollicular Inflammation of Donor Area During Hair Transplantation in Androgenetic Alopecia and Its Comparison With Controls International Journal of Trichology · 2013
90. British Association of Dermatologists’ Guidelines for the Management of Alopecia Areata 2012 British Journal of Dermatology · 2012
91. Minoxidil Use in Dermatology, Side Effects, and Recent Patents Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery · 2012
92. Minoxidil Activates β-Catenin Pathway in Human Dermal Papilla Cells: A Possible Explanation for Its Anagen Prolongation Effect Journal of Dermatological Science · 2011
93. Serendipity in Trichology International Journal of Trichology · 2011
94. The Pathogenesis of Primary Cicatricial Alopecias The American Journal of Pathology · 2010
95. Fatal Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Associated With Minoxidil Pharmacotherapy · 2009
96. Androgens and Hair Growth Dermatologic Therapy · 2008
97. Characterization of Transport Systems for Cysteine, Lysine, Alanine, and Leucine in Wool Follicles of Sheep Journal of animal science/Journal of animal science ... and ASAS reference compendium · 2007
98. Novel and Established Potassium Channel Openers Stimulate Hair Growth In Vitro: Implications for Their Modes of Action in Hair Follicles Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2005
99. Minoxidil: Mechanisms of Action on Hair Growth British Journal of Dermatology · 2004
100. Minoxidil Opens Mitochondrial KATP Channels and Confers Cardioprotection British Journal of Pharmacology · 2004
101. Topically Applied Minoxidil May Cause Fetal Malformation: A Case Report Teratology · 2003
102. Telogen Effluvium: Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment Clinical and Experimental Dermatology · 2002
103. Changes in Hair Weight and Hair Count in Men with Androgenetic Alopecia After Application of 5% and 2% Topical Minoxidil, Placebo, or No Treatment Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology · 1999
104. The Psychosocial Consequences of Androgenetic Alopecia: A Review of the Research Literature British Journal of Dermatology · 1999
105. Minoxidil Increases 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase and 5α-Reductase Activity in Cultured Human Dermal Papilla Cells from Balding Scalp Journal of Dermatological Science · 1999
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107. Minoxidil Upregulates the Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Human Hair Dermal Papilla Cells British Journal of Dermatology · 1998
108. Different Levels of 5α-Reductase Type I and II, Aromatase, and Androgen Receptor in Hair Follicles of Women and Men with Androgenetic Alopecia Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 1997
109. Activation of Cytoprotective Prostaglandin Synthase-1 by Minoxidil as a Possible Explanation for Its Hair Growth-Stimulating Effect Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 1997
110. The Effect of Minoxidil Analogues and Metabolites on the Contraction of Collagen Lattices by Human Skin Fibroblasts British Journal of Plastic Surgery · 1995
111. The Effect of Finasteride, a 5 Alpha-Reductase Inhibitor, on Scalp Skin Testosterone and Dihydrotestosterone Concentrations in Patients with Male Pattern Baldness The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism · 1994
112. Potassium Channel Conductance as a Control Mechanism in Hair Follicles Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 1993
113. Potassium Channel Conductance as a Control Mechanism in Hair Follicles Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 1993
114. Minoxidil Sulfate Is the Active Metabolite That Stimulates Hair Follicles Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 1990
115. Minoxidil Stimulates Mouse Vibrissae Follicles in Organ Culture Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 1989
116. Mechanism of Action of Minoxidil Sulfate-Induced Vasodilation: A Role for Increased Potassium Permeability PubMed · 1988
117. Evaluation of Oral Minoxidil in the Treatment of Alopecia Areata Archives of Dermatology · 1987
118. Minoxidil in Breast Milk Annals of Internal Medicine · 1985
119. Minoxidil-Induced Stevens-Johnson Syndrome Archives of internal medicine · 1981
120. Minoxidil and Pericardial Effusion: An Idiosyncratic Reaction Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · 1981
121. Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics of Minoxidil Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology · 1980
122. Metabolism of Minoxidil, a New Hypotensive Agent: Biotransformation Following Oral Administration to Rats, Dogs, and Monkeys Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · 1975