This comprehensive review analyzes androgenetic alopecia treatments, discussing the mechanisms, costs, efficacy, and safety of FDA-approved drugs like minoxidil and finasteride, as well as newer non-FDA-approved options that have shown effectiveness across various studies.
1 citations
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April 2023 in “Frontiers in Immunology” This review explored recent research on the immune mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for alopecia areata, highlighting the roles of immune-related cells, autocrine and paracrine signaling, as well as factors like adipose-derived stem cells and gut microbiota in disease pathogenesis.
This review discusses the role of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in hair follicle development and how natural products that activate this signaling could be used to treat hair loss, but it reports no new experimental results.
November 2022 in “Molecular Pharmaceutics” This study found that intradermal injection of a cell-penetrating, AR-targeting asiRNA promoted hair growth and reduced androgen receptor expression in mouse models of androgenetic alopecia, suggesting its therapeutic potential.
5 citations
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March 2022 in “Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology” This study found that exosomes derived from bovine colostrum promoted hair growth in mice by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, with effects similar to minoxidil but without adverse effects.
2 citations
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March 2022 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” This review found that topical finasteride has similar efficacy to oral finasteride in treating male and female pattern hair loss, with fewer systemic side effects, mainly causing localized scalp reactions like irritation and erythema.
3 citations
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January 2022 in “Scientific Reports” This study found that SAMiRNA-AR68, a nanomedicine targeting androgen receptor mRNA, increased hair counts in androgenetic alopecia patients with no observed side effects.
5 citations
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October 2021 in “PubMed” This study found that exosomes derived from human adipose stem cells significantly enhanced the proliferation and migration of dermal papilla cells compared to those from platelet-rich plasma, suggesting potential benefits for hair loss treatment.
1 citations
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March 2021 in “Skin health and disease” This review evaluates laboratory models used in androgenetic alopecia research but reports no new findings, emphasizing the potential of human-derived 3-D models for future studies.
23 citations
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January 2021 in “Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy” This study found that dihydrotestosterone induced hair loss and changes in hair morphology in male C57BL/6 mice, effects that could be partially reversed by the AR antagonist bicalutamide.
65 citations
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July 2020 in “Science Advances” Dermal exosomes with miR-218-5p boost hair growth by controlling β-catenin signaling.
86 citations
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July 2020 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This review discusses the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in hair follicle regeneration and highlights recent progress in developing hair loss treatments targeting this pathway, but reports no new clinical results.
29 citations
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May 2020 in “npj Regenerative Medicine” This review discusses the role of the immune niche in hair follicle regeneration and its impact on different forms of alopecia, highlighting research gaps and potential therapeutic strategies.
51 citations
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April 2020 in “Cells” This study found that macrophage extracellular vesicles enriched with Wnt proteins significantly promoted hair follicle growth in mice and increased hair shaft size in human hair follicles, suggesting potential clinical use for treating hair loss.
59 citations
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March 2020 in “Journal of Biomedical Science” This study explored the complex roles of niche cells in regulating hair follicle stem cells, identifying specific cell functions such as signaling, sensing, and relaying messages, which could provide insights into treating hair loss conditions like androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata.
23 citations
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January 2020 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology” In this study, DHT was observed to have varying effects on hair follicle growth and related protein expression depending on concentration, with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway potentially playing a significant role.
8 citations
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October 2019 in “Dermatologic Therapy” This source explores the potential use of oral bicalutamide for treating female pattern hair loss, but specific results or outcomes from the study are not reported in the abstract.
9 citations
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October 2018 in “Medical Science Monitor” In this study, oral finasteride therapy was associated with decreased DHT levels and improved hair loss severity in young male AGA patients, while hormonal changes influenced the curative effect.
23 citations
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April 2018 in “PubMed” This review finds preliminary evidence suggesting that topical finasteride may significantly reduce hair loss and increase hair counts in treating androgenetic alopecia, with a promising safety profile.
7 citations
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January 2018 in “International Journal of Trichology” Taking 5 mg/day finasteride can cause side effects in women with hair loss, but these are usually mild and fade over time, making the treatment beneficial in the long run.
113 citations
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November 2017 in “Scientific Reports” This study found that treatment with mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles enhanced hair growth in mice and stimulated dermal papilla cell activity and growth factor production in vitro.
24 citations
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October 2016 in “Oncotarget” This study found that finasteride was associated with more reproductive adverse effects, including sexual dysfunction in men and fetal harm in women, compared to minoxidil in reported alopecia cases.
20 citations
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April 2016 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” In this study, topical methyl vanillate application increased hair count and hair mass index in women with androgenetic alopecia by enhancing WNT10B expression, suggesting a potential new treatment strategy.
20 citations
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August 2015 in “International Journal of Molecular Medicine” This study found that human placental extract promoted hair growth and influenced cellular pathways in vitro and rat models, suggesting potential for future hair loss treatments.
2152 citations
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November 2013 in “Urologia Internationalis” This study reviews the significant prevalence of organic etiologies, especially vascular causes, in erectile dysfunction among men under 40 and emphasizes thorough evaluation and consideration of treatment options like exercise and PDE-5 inhibitors.
30 citations
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November 2013 in “PLOS ONE” This study found that androgen/androgen receptor signaling accelerates premature senescence in dermal papilla cells, highlighting a potential target for treating androgenetic alopecia.
95 citations
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January 2012 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This study found that androgens inhibit hair follicle stem cell differentiation by disrupting the Wnt signalling pathway in dermal papilla cells, but Wnt activation can restore differentiation.
21 citations
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October 2011 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This study found that subcutaneous testosterone therapy improved scalp hair growth in a majority of androgen-deficient women who previously reported hair thinning and did not report hair loss as a side effect.
42 citations
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April 2011 in “Annals of Pharmacotherapy” This study found that long-term flutamide treatment reduced hair loss in women with female pattern hair loss, but liver-related dropouts were minimized at a very low dose of 62.5 mg/day.
185 citations
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March 2011 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” This study found that 94% of healthy men reported low libido and 92% reported erectile dysfunction as persistent sexual side effects after using finasteride for male pattern hair loss, with these effects lasting on average 40 months post-discontinuation.
70 citations
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January 2009 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” This study explored the interaction between androgen and Wnt signaling in dermal papilla cells, targeting the effects of androgen on hair growth reduction.
829 citations
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May 2007 in “Nature” Hair follicles can regrow in wounded adult mouse skin using a process like embryo development.
397 citations
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February 2004 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This article reviews the mechanisms by which minoxidil stimulates hair growth and reports no new clinical findings.
277 citations
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June 2003 in “The journal of investigative dermatology. Symposium proceedings/The Journal of investigative dermatology symposium proceedings” This article reviews the role of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in hair follicle morphogenesis and the hair cycle, suggesting potential paths for developing treatments for hair growth disorders but providing no new clinical findings.
108 citations
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January 2003 in “Fertility and Sterility” This study found that flutamide at 250 mg daily modestly improved hair thinning in premenopausal women with hyperandrogenic alopecia over one year, while cyproterone acetate and finasteride were not effective.
165 citations
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December 2002 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology” This study found that finasteride improves scalp hair growth in men with male pattern hair loss by reducing scalp dihydrotestosterone levels, but it did not benefit postmenopausal women with female pattern hair loss.
157 citations
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July 2001 in “British Journal of Dermatology” In this study, the prevalence of androgenetic alopecia among Korean men and women was found to be lower than in caucasians, with Korean men showing more frontal hairline preservation and a higher incidence of 'female pattern' hair thinning.
231 citations
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October 1999 in “Journal of Clinical Investigation” This study found that administering an adenovirus vector to increase Sonic hedgehog gene expression in mouse skin accelerated the transition of hair follicles into the growth phase, promoting hair growth.
32 citations
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November 1996 in “International Journal of Dermatology” This review discusses the use of antiandrogen therapy in dermatology, covering treatments for conditions like acne, hirsutism, and androgenic alopecia but reports no new clinical findings.
22 citations
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January 1987 in “Dermatology” This article discusses the pathogenesis of androgenetic alopecia and suggests that genetic predisposition and androgen sensitivity, rather than endocrine disorders, drive hair follicle changes, with significant psychological implications for patients.
