Novel Potential Therapeutic Targets of Alopecia Areata

    April 2023 in “ Frontiers in Immunology
    Wei Xu, Sheng Wan, Bo Xie, Xiuzu Song
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    TLDR New treatments for hair loss from alopecia areata may include targeting immune cells, using stem cells, balancing gut bacteria, applying fatty acids, and using JAK inhibitors.
    Alopecia areata (AA) is a hair loss disorder affecting 2% of the population, believed to be driven by immune and genetic factors. The document discusses potential therapeutic targets for AA, including various immune cells such as γδ T cells, TRM cells, Treg cells, Tol DCs, and iNKT cells. It also highlights the role of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in treating AA, with a study showing hair regrowth in all patients after three and six months of ADSCs treatment. The document suggests that dysregulation of gut microbiota and certain non-coding RNAs can contribute to AA, and that topical application of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) to scalp hair follicles may be a promising treatment. It also mentions that systemic injection of JAK inhibitors reduced AA development in a mouse model, and several phase II clinical studies have shown that oral JAK inhibitor treatment significantly promotes hair regrowth and improves AA.
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