147 citations
,
September 2006 in “Developmental Cell” Too much Smad7 changes skin and hair development by breaking down a protein called β-catenin, leading to more oil glands and fewer hair follicles.
59 citations
,
April 2008 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Smad-4 and Smad-7 are key in hair follicle development, with other Smads being less important.
31 citations
,
January 2014 in “Stem Cells” Smad1 and Smad5 are essential for hair follicle development and stem cell sleepiness.
28 citations
,
October 2008 in “Developmental Biology” Smad4 is important for healthy hair follicles because it helps produce a protein needed for hair to stick together and grow.
12 citations
,
September 2007 in “Wound repair and regeneration” Smad2/3-dependent TGF-β signaling increases during wound healing.
43 citations
,
February 2009 in “Molecular biology of the cell” Disrupting Smad4 in mouse skin causes early hair follicle stem cell activity that leads to their eventual depletion.
111 citations
,
June 2002 in “The EMBO Journal” Too much Smad7 can cause serious changes in skin tissues, including problems with hair growth, thymus shrinkage, and eye development issues.
May 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The BMP/Smads pathway and Id2 gene control hair follicle stem cells, affecting their rest and growth phases.
19 citations
,
November 2011 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” TGF-β1 increases androgen receptor activity in hair loss, but Hic-5/ARA55 can counter this effect.
16 citations
,
March 2007 in “Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery” Keratinocytes show more TGF-β system activity and collagen production as they age, which might affect wound scarring.
May 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” HPH-15, a new compound, effectively reduces skin fibrosis in experiments without causing harm.
12 citations
,
August 2020 in “The anatomical record” miR-203a-3p helps hair follicle stem cells become specialized by targeting Smad1.
10 citations
,
October 2020 in “Acta histochemica” All-trans-retinoic acid stops mink hair growth by affecting cell growth and causing cell death.
March 2023 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” 321 citations
,
January 2012 in “Cell stem cell” TGF-β2 helps activate hair follicle stem cells by counteracting BMP signals.
46 citations
,
July 2015 in “Wound repair and regeneration” Keloid scars may form due to changes in skin cell characteristics and specific protein signaling.
11 citations
,
November 2015 in “Gene” DHT affects bone growth by altering gene activity in osteoblasts, potentially complicating steroid use.
October 2023 in “Frontiers in endocrinology” Effective PCOS treatments require targeting specific signaling pathways.
245 citations
,
January 2018 in “Bone Research” TGF-β is crucial for tissue repair and can cause diseases if not properly regulated.
165 citations
,
December 2004 in “Differentiation” BMP signaling is crucial for skin and hair growth.
82 citations
,
February 2017 in “Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology” The TGF-β family helps control how cells change and move, affecting skin, hair, and organ development.
54 citations
,
November 2017 in “Scientific Reports” The study found that certain microRNAs are higher in the cells and lower in the fluid of women with a specific type of polycystic ovary syndrome, and one microRNA could potentially help diagnose the condition.
32 citations
,
July 2017 in “Molecular diagnosis & therapy” MicroRNA-21 could help diagnose and treat skin fibrosis.
26 citations
,
September 2018 in “Journal of Molecular Cell Biology” Endoglin is crucial for proper hair growth cycles and stem cell activation in mice.
22 citations
,
February 2013 in “Wound Repair and Regeneration” Mice genetically modified to produce more CD109 in their skin had less inflammation and better healing with less scarring.
21 citations
,
May 2018 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” Costunolide helps human hair cells grow and can stimulate hair growth in mice.
20 citations
,
September 2010 in “Cell Cycle” Mice can regenerate ear tissue without the p53 protein.
19 citations
,
June 2015 in “European Journal of Pharmacology” Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) doesn't affect rat skin cell growth, but it does change cell cycle, protein levels, and other cell functions, potentially shortening hair growth cycle.
14 citations
,
June 2017 in “Pharmacological Reports” TP0427736 may help treat hair loss by blocking a specific protein and promoting hair growth.
14 citations
,
February 2016 in “Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications” Ginsenoside Re from ginseng may help hair grow by blocking a specific growth-inhibiting pathway.