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GlossarySMAD4

protein involved in TGF-beta signaling, affecting cell growth and differentiation

SMAD4, also known as Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4, is a protein that plays a crucial role in the TGF-beta signaling pathway, which is involved in regulating cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Mutations in the SMAD4 gene can lead to various medical conditions, including certain types of cancer and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.

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research Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Transactivates Dlx3 Through Smad1 and Smad4: Alternative Mode for Dlx3 Induction in Mouse Keratinocytes

79 citations , January 2002 in “Nucleic Acids Research”

BMP-2 activates the Dlx3 gene in mouse skin cells, important for hair and skin development.

research Disruption of Smad4 in Mouse Epidermis Leads to Depletion of Follicle Stem Cells

43 citations , December 2008 in “Molecular biology of the cell”

Disrupting Smad4 in mouse skin causes early hair follicle stem cell activity that leads to their eventual depletion.

research Smad4-Dependent Desmoglein-4 Expression Contributes to Hair Follicle Integrity

28 citations , July 2008 in “Developmental Biology”

Smad4 is important for healthy hair follicles because it helps produce a protein needed for hair to stick together and grow.

research The Up-Regulation of 14-3-3 Proteins in Smad4 Deficient Epidermis and Hair Follicles at Catagen

14 citations , April 2008 in “PROTEOMICS”

Increased 14-3-3 proteins may block hair cycle regression, causing hair loss.

research Data from Synergistic Function of Smad4 and PTEN in Suppressing Forestomach Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Mice

March 2023

Deleting Smad4 and PTEN genes in mice causes rapid, invasive forestomach cancer.

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community What's your option on complementary treatment

in Product 3 upvotes 1 year ago

The conversation discusses complementary treatments for hair loss while using finasteride and minoxidil, including scalp massagers, scrubs, coconut oil, and vitamin supplements. The user seeks opinions on these additional treatments.

community My Theory Of Androgenic Alopecia

in Research/Science 16 upvotes 2 days ago

Hair loss is linked to cellular physiology and the IGF-1 to TGF-B1 ratio, not just androgen sensitivity. The theory lacks evidence, while finasteride and minoxidil are effective treatments.

community What type of microneedling device should I use?

in Microneedling 4 upvotes 11 months ago

Use a stamp or roller for microneedling; stamps are preferred to avoid hair pulling. Clean tools with alcohol to prevent infection, and replace stamps every 4-6 uses.

community Creatine's effect on Hair Loss and DHT

in Research/Science 101 upvotes 1 year ago

A 21-year-old male managed to control his hair loss using Nizoral, RU58841, and finasteride, but experienced increased scalp itchiness after starting creatine, which subsided upon stopping creatine. Users shared mixed experiences on whether creatine affects hair loss, with some reporting negative effects and others seeing no change or defending its benefits.

community Creatine Does Not Increase DHT And Does Not Cause Hair Loss - Randomized Controlled Trial

in Research/Science 307 upvotes 7 months ago

Creatine does not increase DHT levels or cause hair loss. Personal experiences vary, but scientific evidence shows no link between creatine and hair loss.