35 citations,
January 2018 in “Skin pharmacology and physiology” Nanoemulsion creams with certain enhancers can greatly increase caffeine delivery through skin.
34 citations,
October 2014 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” The new drug delivery system releases the drug better in sebum and targets follicles more effectively than the conventional cream.
33 citations,
February 2009 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” Pig ear skin is better than human skin for testing how well barrier creams block allergens from entering hair follicles.
26 citations,
March 2014 in “International journal of pharmaceutics” Researchers created a skin treatment that could effectively deliver medication into hair follicles.
May 2023 in “CRC Press eBooks” Liposomes can improve hair care and treat hair issues effectively.
316 citations,
June 2004 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Microspheres about 1.5 micrometers in size can best penetrate hair follicles, potentially reaching important stem cells.
5 citations,
May 2020 in “Pharmaceutical Research” Heat and chemicals improve finasteride delivery to scalp and hair follicles, potentially enhancing treatment for hair loss.
74 citations,
June 2010 in “European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics” Minoxidil foam enters hair follicles and skin for hair growth.
10 citations,
August 2015 in “Journal of biophotonics” Hair follicles help substances penetrate the skin faster and more effectively.
21 citations,
January 2010 in “Skin pharmacology and physiology” Special creams can significantly reduce pollen allergens getting into hair follicles.
14 citations,
March 2019 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” Proretinal nanoparticles improve skin absorption and reduce irritation of topical retinoids.
March 2024 in “Bioimpacts” 400 nm particles penetrate hair follicles best, but mouse models aren't fully reliable for human studies.
10 citations,
January 2014 in “Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin” 
211 citations,
February 2009 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” Hair follicles help absorb and store topical compounds, aiding targeted drug delivery.
The skin is a complex barrier for drug penetration, but understanding its structure and interactions can improve drug delivery methods.
60 citations,
October 2020 in “Journal of Controlled Release” Curcumin nanocrystals in simple gels effectively penetrate hair follicles, but humectants can reduce this efficacy.
35 citations,
October 2015 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” Tiny particles carrying roxithromycin can effectively target and deliver the drug to hair follicles without irritation.
19 citations,
July 2020 in “Journal of drug delivery science and technology” Nanoemulsions with minoxidil and clove oil effectively target hair follicles for better alopecia treatment.
12 citations,
March 2012 in “ATLA. Alternatives to laboratory animals” Hair follicles significantly affect the skin absorption of some drugs.
1 citations,
July 2005 in “Drugs and the pharmaceutical sciences” Targeting drugs to hair follicles can treat skin conditions, but reaching deep follicle areas is hard and needs more research.
122 citations,
April 2011 in “European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics” Particles around 100 nm can penetrate and stay in hair follicles without passing through healthy skin, making them safe for use in topical products and useful for targeted drug delivery.
15 citations,
October 2020 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” Caffeine penetrates skin quickly through open hair follicles, but less through closed ones, with levels becoming equal after 22 hours.
109 citations,
November 2005 in “The journal of investigative dermatology. Symposium proceedings/The Journal of investigative dermatology symposium proceedings” Targeting hair follicles can improve skin treatments and reduce side effects.
39 citations,
February 2014 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” Massage increases how deep both rigid and flexible liposomes can go into skin, with flexible ones going deeper, and covering the skin (occlusion) helps rigid ones more.
263 citations,
February 2011 in “Journal of Controlled Release” Medium-sized particles penetrate hair follicles better than smaller or larger ones, which could improve delivery of skin treatments.
69 citations,
December 2015 in “Journal of Controlled Release” Nanocapsules can improve clobetasol delivery to hair follicles, reducing side effects.
35 citations,
June 2017 in “Pharmaceutical research” Researchers developed a model that shows hair follicles increase skin absorption of caffeine by 20%.
54 citations,
October 2002 in “Journal of controlled release” Medium lipophilic substances penetrate skin best, and adding ethanol can increase delivery to hair follicles.
6 citations,
December 2015 in “International journal of nanomedicine” Using sonophoresis can make it harder for certain drug-loaded liposomes to get through the skin.
17 citations,
June 2017 in “Journal of pharmaceutical sciences” Researchers developed a nanomedicine for acne treatment that delivers medication with less irritation and is non-irritating for oily skin.