Scoping Review on the Use of Drugs Targeting JAK/STAT Pathway in Atopic Dermatitis, Vitiligo, and Alopecia Areata

This review discusses the use of Janus kinase inhibitors for alopecia areata and reports promising short-term efficacy but low-quality evidence, highlighting the need for further research to confirm long-term safety and effectiveness.

Tofacitinib partially improved hair regrowth in a patient with severe hair loss.

This review discusses the potential of drugs targeting the JAK/STAT pathway for dermatological diseases and outlines a protocol to assess existing evidence, reporting no new clinical results.

This study found that oral JAK3 and TYK2/JAK1 inhibitors improved clinical outcomes in alopecia areata patients by reducing immune responses and enhancing hair keratin expression, with stronger effects in those with shorter disease duration.

This study discusses the immune dysregulation observed in individuals with Down syndrome, highlighting their increased risk for autoimmune skin conditions, but does not yet clarify the molecular mechanisms behind this profile.

This study found that JAK inhibitors for alopecia areata showed promising response rates, with 72.4% of 289 cases responding, and oral administration achieving better outcomes than topical treatment, but recurrence occurred when treatment stopped. Further large-scale studies are needed to confirm these findings.

The article in Dermatologic Therapy discusses clinical experiences with using tofacitinib to treat alopecia areata in 63 patients, but no specific results are reported in the abstract.

This review discusses the potential of JAK inhibitors for treating alopecia areata and reports case study evidence of their effectiveness, but formal clinical trials are needed for more definitive conclusions.

In this study, three children with severe alopecia treated with systemic tofacitinib showed significant hair regrowth, suggesting it may be a potential option for those unresponsive to conventional therapy.

This study found that oral JAK inhibitors, ruxolitinib and tofacitinib, are effective and well-tolerated for treating severe alopecia areata, with a similar degree of hair regrowth and relapse rates, but ruxolitinib induced faster initial hair regrowth.

This article is a Letter to the Editor discussing rebound effects associated with JAK inhibitor use in treating alopecia areata and reports no new clinical results.

This paper reviews the challenges of treating alopecia areata affecting eyelashes and discusses the risks associated with traditional therapies; it reports no new clinical results.

Ruxolitinib may help treat hair loss and symptoms in patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease.

This article is a letter to the editor discussing potential therapeutic synergy between a wig-fixing device and tofacitinib for treating alopecia areata but reports no new clinical results.

This letter reports a series of cases where the use of ruxolitinib at a lower dose than previously studied led to hair regrowth in patients with severe alopecia areata.

This letter discusses the emerging use of Janus kinase inhibitors, specifically oral tofacitinib, for treating alopecia areata in children, but reports no new clinical findings.

In this phase I study, partial hair regrowth was observed in patients with alopecia universalis using topical JAK inhibitors, though more research is needed to confirm potential as a treatment alternative to clobetasol.

This article discusses alopecia areata, highlighting its autoimmune nature and the lack of FDA-approved treatments, without providing new research findings.

This case report documented successful full hair regrowth in an 8-year-old with alopecia universalis after oral tofacitinib treatment, but mild headaches led to discontinuation.

In this review, the researchers reported that JAK inhibitors, originally approved by the FDA for other uses, have shown effectiveness in reversing hair loss in patients with moderate to severe alopecia areata, based on current preclinical and clinical studies.

This review summarizes existing evidence on the efficacy and safety of JAK inhibitors for treating alopecia areata and emphasizes the need for improved topical formulations.

This study reports significant hair regrowth in 11 patients with severe alopecia areata following longstanding treatment with oral tofacitinib and also highlights successful treatment using topical tofacitinib cream in one case.

This article reviews the differences in inflammatory processes between alopecia universalis and atopic dermatitis, focusing on type 1 and type 2 immune responses, but it reports no new results.

This letter discusses the limited treatment options for pediatric alopecia areata and the lack of controlled studies for therapies like systemic and off-label immunosuppressive drugs, without reporting new clinical results.

This open-label study found that oral tofacitinib led to significant hair regrowth in patients with moderate-to-severe alopecia areata, supported by changes in gene expression and T cell dynamics.

This review discusses the efficacy and safety of topical JAK inhibitors for inflammatory skin conditions, reporting modest benefits in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis but mixed results for vitiligo and inconclusive data for alopecia areata.

This study found that oral tofacitinib monotherapy improved nail changes in 73.3% of adults with moderate-to-severe alopecia areata over a median period of 5 months, but nail improvement was not linked to the severity of hair loss or hair regrowth.

This study found that tofacitinib led to ≥50% hair regrowth in eight out of twelve patients with moderate to severe alopecia areata, suggesting a potential benefit for using JAK inhibitors in treating this condition.

This review discusses the potential of Janus Kinase inhibitors for treating alopecia areata and other forms of alopecia, highlighting the need for further research on their long-term safety and optimal formulation.

This study found that oral tofacitinib was effective in promoting hair regrowth in patients with alopecia universalis, although further controlled studies are recommended to confirm its safety and efficacy.

In this study, oral tofacitinib showed higher efficacy and tolerability in treating refractory alopecia totalis and universalis compared to traditional treatments, achieving a 50% improvement in severity scores for 44.4% of patients over six months, with fewer adverse effects.

Tofacitinib 2% ointment helped hair regrow in 3 out of 10 patients with alopecia areata, but caused side effects like scalp irritation and raised cholesterol in some.

This article discusses the potential of oral tofacitinib as a treatment for atopic dermatitis, alopecia areata, and vitiligo, without presenting new clinical results.

In this study, tofacitinib monotherapy was effective in achieving hair regrowth in over half of Korean patients with moderate-to-severe and refractory alopecia areata, though treatment discontinuation typically led to hair loss recurrence.

This report describes a case where treatment with the JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib significantly improved beard growth in a patient with severe alopecia areata, emphasizing its potential benefits for populations where beard hair holds cultural significance.

This review examines the outcomes of treating Brazilian patients with alopecia universalis using tofacitinib and highlights the need for randomized controlled trials to determine optimal dosing and duration.

This study reports that topical ruxolitinib failed to induce hair growth in a 66-year-old patient with alopecia areata, highlighting the need to explore factors affecting treatment response and compare topical vs oral administration outcomes.

This study observed that most pediatric patients with alopecia areata experienced some hair regrowth after treatment with topical JAK inhibitors, and the formulations were generally well-tolerated with mild lab abnormalities in some cases.

A Korean woman with complete hair loss regrew her hair after taking tofacitinib, with no side effects.

In this study, tofacitinib treatment led to significant hair regrowth in 60% of patients with moderate-to-severe alopecia areata, suggesting potential for JAK inhibitors in treating this condition.

This study found that oral tofacitinib led to variable hair regrowth in patients with resistant alopecia areata, implying that longer treatment durations may be needed to fully assess its effectiveness.

Tofacitinib helped regrow hair in people with severe alopecia, but side effects occurred and benefits stopped after treatment ended.

In this case report, two women with chronic alopecia areata and acute alopecia universalis experienced sustained and near-complete hair regrowth after over a year of treatment with oral ruxolitinib, without significant side effects.

This case series found that oral tofacitinib treatment in eight adolescents with alopecia universalis led to significant regrowth of hair, though relapse is likely after stopping therapy.

This systematic review found that Janus kinase inhibitors have shown beneficial effects for psoriasis and alopecia areata, with promising preliminary results in other skin conditions, though more research is needed to define dosing and safety profiles.

This review reports no new results and highlights existing research suggesting JAK inhibitors may be effective in treating inflammatory skin conditions like alopecia areata, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and vitiligo.

This case study reports that tofacitinib led to remission of psoriasis but did not improve alopecia universalis in one patient, suggesting varied responses in treating such conditions.

This case study reports that a 23-year-old woman with alopecia universalis experienced complete hair regrowth after six months of treatment with tofacitinib, a JAK-3 inhibitor.

This study reviewed the role of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in skin diseases and the potential of JAK inhibitors for treating conditions like psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Although the findings are promising, the authors concluded it is premature to establish their place in dermatological treatments.

Tofacitinib, an arthritis drug, helped hair growth in alopecia universalis but long-term safety needs more research.

In this study, tofacitinib was reported to improve scalp hair regrowth in patients with severe alopecia areata, alopecia totalis, and alopecia universalis, showing a higher response in alopecia areata.

In this study, tofacitinib treatment in a male patient with alopecia areata led to significant hair regrowth and improvement in nail dystrophy symptoms, restoring finger function within 10 months.

This research overview highlights that although JAK inhibitors show promise as potential treatments for alopecia areata based on recent insights into the disease mechanism, their efficacy has not yet been thoroughly evaluated in a systematic manner.

This study explored the effectiveness of the oral JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib in treating patients with moderate-to-severe alopecia areata, building on prior success with JAK inhibitors in mice, but results are not reported in this abstract.

In this case report, tofacitinib was associated with new hair growth on psoriasis lesions after three months of treatment.

In this study, tofacitinib treatment was associated with significant hair regrowth in two patients with alopecia universalis over eight months, with minimal adverse effects reported.

This review examines the immunological aspects of alopecia areata, focusing on genetic, neuroimmunological, and immune privilege factors, but does not report new clinical findings.

In this open-label trial, tofacitinib showed dramatic clinical responses in most patients with moderate-to-severe alopecia areata, supporting further research into JAK inhibitors for this condition.

In this study, oral tofacitinib treatment led to significant hair regrowth and changes in skin and blood biomarkers in a patient with alopecia areata.

This study observed initial hair regrowth in a businessman with alopecia areata universalis treated with tofacitinib, but the effect diminished, leading to renewed hair loss.

This study found that patients with alopecia areata experience significant impairments in health-related quality of life, notably affecting mental health, according to various quality of life assessment tools.

This case study reported significant but temporary hair regrowth and skin repigmentation in a patient with vitiligo and alopecia areata during treatment with oral ruxolitinib.

This article discusses the potential of topical ruxolitinib as a treatment for alopecia universalis and acknowledges the need for alternatives to systemic JAK inhibitors due to the risk of serious side effects.

Tofacitinib citrate improved nail dystrophy and pain in patients with alopecia universalis without causing side effects.

This study observed that baricitinib treatment led to significant improvement in a patient's alopecia areata symptoms and suggests further clinical trials to explore its potential as a treatment.

This study found that JAK inhibitors promote hair regrowth in both mice and human alopecia areata cases by blocking key immune pathways involved in disease development.

This case report describes complete hair regrowth in a patient with alopecia universalis and improved psoriasis after treatment with the oral Janus kinase inhibitor, tofacitinib.

This letter discusses the psychological impact of alopecia areata, highlighting its association with increased depression and anxiety, but reports no new clinical findings.