Immune-Mediated Alopecias and Their Mechanobiological Aspects

May 2022 in “ Cells and Development ”

Valencia Watson, Makala L. Faniel, Nourine A. Kamili, Loren D. Krueger, Cheng Zhu

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research Differentiation of Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia and Lichen Planopilaris on Trichoscopy: A Comprehensive Review

3 citations , October 2021 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology”

This review discusses the characteristic trichoscopy patterns useful in differentiating lichen planopilaris and frontal fibrosing alopecia from similar conditions but reports no new clinical results.

research Alopecia Areata: An Autoimmune Disease of Multiple Players

31 citations , July 2021 in “ImmunoTargets and therapy”

This review compiles current evidence on the molecular mechanisms, etiologies, and targeted immunotherapies for alopecia areata and reports no new experimental results, emphasizing the need for further research to manage the disease.

research Hair Follicle Immune Privilege and Its Collapse in Alopecia Areata

134 citations , July 2020 in “Experimental dermatology”

This review discusses immune privilege in anagen hair follicles and its collapse in alopecia areata, emphasizing the importance of restoring this function for effective management and disease relapse prevention.

research A Hair-Raising History of Alopecia Areata

15 citations , January 2020 in “Experimental Dermatology”

This review outlines the historical and ongoing evolution in understanding and treating alopecia areata, highlighting current research frontiers in genetics, immune mechanisms, and potential new treatments, but reports no new results.

Alopecia Areata Patients Show Deficiency of FOXP3+CD39+ T Regulatory Cells and Clonotypic Restriction of Treg TCRβ-Chain, Highlighting the Immunopathological Aspect of the Disease

research Alopecia Areata Patients Show Deficiency of FOXP3+CD39+ T Regulatory Cells and Clonotypic Restriction of Treg TCRβ-Chain, Highlighting the Immunopathological Aspect of the Disease

30 citations , July 2019 in “PloS one”

This study found that T-regulatory cells, specifically the FOXP3 CD39 subset, were significantly reduced in both circulation and hair follicles of alopecia areata patients compared to healthy subjects, suggesting potential therapeutic targets.

research Pathomechanisms of Immune-Mediated Alopecia

45 citations , April 2019 in “International Immunology”

This review discusses the mechanisms behind alopecia areata and primary cicatricial alopecia and reports no new clinical results, aiming to guide the development of targeted treatments.

Adipose Infiltration of the Dermis, Involving the Arrector Pili Muscle, and Dermal Displacement of Eccrine Sweat Coils: New Histologic Observations in Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia

research Adipose Infiltration of the Dermis, Involving the Arrector Pili Muscle, and Dermal Displacement of Eccrine Sweat Coils: New Histologic Observations in Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia

6 citations , January 2019 in “The American Journal of Dermatopathology”

This study discovered that adipose tissue infiltration at the isthmus level appears significantly more often in frontal fibrosing alopecia cases compared to controls, suggesting a potential role in the condition's pathology.

HRQoL in Hair Loss-Affected Patients with Alopecia Areata, Androgenetic Alopecia, and Telogen Effluvium: The Role of Personality Traits and Psychosocial Anxiety

research HRQoL in Hair Loss-Affected Patients with Alopecia Areata, Androgenetic Alopecia, and Telogen Effluvium: The Role of Personality Traits and Psychosocial Anxiety

29 citations , November 2018 in “Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology”

This study found that anxiety-related traits significantly predict the impact of hair loss on quality of life across different alopecia types, with variations observed based on gender.

research Fibroproliferative Genes Are Preferentially Expressed in Central Centrifugal Cicatricial Alopecia

25 citations , June 2018 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

This study identified upregulation of genes linked to fibroproliferative disorders, such as platelet-derived growth factor and collagen genes, in patients with central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia, suggesting potential therapeutic targets.

research Immune Privilege Collapse And Alopecia Development: Is Stress A Factor

51 citations , December 2017 in “Skin Appendage Disorders”

This review examines the literature on autoimmune hair loss disorders, highlighting the collapse of immune privilege and the potential role of neurogenic stress in this process, but reports no new clinical results.

research Race and Alopecia Areata Amongst US Women

37 citations , December 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings”

This study found that black and Hispanic women had higher odds of self-reported alopecia areata compared to white women, highlighting potential racial disparities in the condition's occurrence.

research Hair Follicle Immune Privilege Revisited: The Key to Alopecia Areata Management

102 citations , December 2017 in “The journal of investigative dermatology. Symposium proceedings/The Journal of investigative dermatology symposium proceedings”

This review discusses the role of immune privilege collapse in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata, emphasizing the potential for therapeutic manipulation of hair bulb immune privilege to offer new treatment options, and reports no new results.

research Alopecia Areata: Overview and Insights from January 2018

290 citations , December 2017 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

This article reviews the epidemiology, clinical evaluation, and pathogenesis of alopecia areata and highlights recent advancements, but it does not report new clinical findings.

research Central Centrifugal Cicatricial Alopecia: New Insights and a Call for Action

27 citations , September 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings”

This article discusses central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia, noting its prevalence in women of African descent and highlighting the need for further genetic research to improve treatment options; it reports no new clinical results.

research Regulatory T Cells in Skin: Role of Foxp3+ CD4+ Tregs in Skin Homeostasis and Immune Tolerance

110 citations , July 2017 in “Immunology”

This review discusses the role of regulatory T cells in skin, including their impact on hair follicle regeneration, wound healing, and immune tolerance, without presenting new clinical findings.

research Th1/Th2 Peripheral Blood Balance and CD200 Expression in Patients with Active Severe Alopecia Areata

12 citations , April 2017 in “Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine”

This study found that patients with active severe alopecia areata exhibited decreased CD200 expression on T and B lymphocytes, which may be linked to an imbalance in Th1/Th2 immune equilibrium.

The Contributory Roles of Th17 Lymphocyte and Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte at the Hair Bulge Region and Hair Bulb Area in Chronic Alopecia Areata Patients

research The Contributory Roles of Th17 Lymphocyte and Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte at the Hair Bulge Region and Hair Bulb Area in Chronic Alopecia Areata Patients

18 citations , January 2017 in “Annals of dermatology/Annals of Dermatology”

This study found that Th17 lymphocytes may play a more crucial role than cytotoxic T cells in the development of alopecia areata due to their infiltration around the hair bulb/bulge, which exacerbates hair loss as histopathological grade worsens.

research Hair Follicle Stem Cell Cultures Reveal Self-Organizing Plasticity of Stem Cells and Their Progeny

61 citations , December 2016 in “The EMBO Journal”

This study established a new in vitro culture system that supports the growth and dynamic self-organization of hair follicle stem cells and their progeny, promoting a stable population equilibrium.

research Primary Cicatricial Alopecia: Treatment Approaches and Classification

95 citations , November 2016 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

This article reviews primary cicatricial alopecias, focusing on lymphocytic forms such as chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus, according to a classification by the North American Hair Research Society, and reports no new clinical results.

research Central Centrifugal Cicatricial Alopecia: Challenges and Solutions

37 citations , August 2016 in “Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology”

This article discusses central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia, highlighting its prevalence, potential genetic factors, and management challenges, but reports no new clinical conclusions and calls for further research.

research Health-Related Quality of Life Among Patients With Alopecia Areata: A Systematic Review

95 citations , July 2016 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

This review concluded that patients with alopecia areata consistently show poor health-related quality of life scores, similar to those in other chronic skin diseases like atopic dermatitis and psoriasis.

research CXCR3 Blockade Inhibits T Cell Migration Into the Skin and Prevents Development of Alopecia Areata

64 citations , July 2016 in “Journal of Immunology”

In this study, blocking the CXCR3 receptor in mice prevented the development of alopecia areata by inhibiting the accumulation of specific T cells in the skin, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach for humans.

research Familial Aggregation of Alopecia Areata

295 citations , May 2016 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”

This review examines the immunological aspects of alopecia areata, focusing on genetic, neuroimmunological, and immune privilege factors, but does not report new clinical findings.

research ULBP3: A Marker for Alopecia Areata Incognita

15 citations , May 2016 in “Archives of Dermatological Research”

This study found significantly higher levels of the protein ULBP3 in patients with alopecia areata incognita compared to other hair loss conditions and healthy controls, suggesting ULBP3's potential as a diagnostic marker for AAI.

research Alopecia Areata: Animal Models Illuminate Autoimmune Pathogenesis and Novel Immunotherapeutic Strategies

82 citations , March 2016 in “Autoimmunity reviews”

This review explores animal models of alopecia areata, particularly focusing on the insights they've provided into the disease's immune mechanisms and potential treatment approaches, without reporting new experimental data.

research Functional Interpretation of Genome-Wide Association Study Evidence in Alopecia Areata

55 citations , October 2015 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Alopecia areata is linked to immune-related genes, suggesting JAK inhibitors as a potential treatment.

research The Role of Lymphocytes in the Development and Treatment of Alopecia Areata

60 citations , September 2015 in “Expert Review of Clinical Immunology”

This study suggests that CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes play a crucial role in the development of alopecia areata, based on observations in rodent models that mimic human autoimmune disease.

research Alopecia Areata Profiling Shows TH1, TH2, and IL-23 Cytokine Activation Without Parallel TH17/TH22 Skewing

176 citations , August 2015 in “The journal of allergy and clinical immunology/Journal of allergy and clinical immunology/The journal of allergy and clinical immunology”

This study identified a distinct cytokine activation signature in alopecia areata, involving TH2, TH1, IL-23, and IL-9/TH9 pathways, suggesting potential targeting strategies similar to those in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis.

research Diagnostic Usefulness of a Peribulbar Eosinophilic Infiltrate in Alopecia Areata

19 citations , September 2014 in “JAMA Dermatology”

Eosinophilic infiltrate is not a reliable indicator for diagnosing chronic alopecia areata.

research Alopecia Areata Is Driven by Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes and Is Reversed by JAK Inhibition

701 citations , August 2014 in “Nature medicine”

This study found that JAK inhibitors promote hair regrowth in both mice and human alopecia areata cases by blocking key immune pathways involved in disease development.

research Neuroendocrinology of the Hair Follicle: Principles and Clinical Perspectives

98 citations , July 2014 in “Trends in Molecular Medicine”

This article discusses the role of human hair follicles in neuroendocrinology and suggests potential new therapeutic targets by examining how neuromediators influence hair growth, pigmentation, and stem cell biology in organ cultures.

research Destruction of the Arrector Pili Muscle and Fat Infiltration in Androgenic Alopecia

35 citations , March 2014 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

This study found that in androgenic alopecia, the arrector pili muscle degenerates and is replaced by fat, unlike in normal skin or telogen effluvium.

research The Role of Hair Follicle Immune Privilege Collapse in Alopecia Areata: Status and Perspectives

79 citations , December 2013 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings”

This article proposes that alopecia areata may be caused by immune attacks on hair follicles after an immune privilege collapse, suggesting new therapeutic approaches targeting this immune response pattern.

research A New Humanized Mouse Model For Alopecia Areata

25 citations , December 2013 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings”

In this study, researchers developed a new humanized mouse model for alopecia areata that highlights the role of specific immune cells and may aid in discovering new treatments for the disease.

research Lichen Planopilaris Is Characterized By Immune Privilege Collapse Of The Hair Follicle's Epithelial Stem Cell Niche

220 citations , June 2013 in “The Journal of Pathology”

This study found that immune privilege collapse in the hair follicle bulge and associated immune responses may contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of lichen planopilaris, suggesting a potential autoimmune basis for the disease.

research Alopecia Areata: An Autoimmune Disease Causing Hair Loss

421 citations , April 2012 in “The New England Journal of Medicine”

Alopecia Areata is an autoimmune condition causing hair loss with no cure and treatments that often don't work well.

research Medical and Environmental Risk Factors for the Development of Central Centrifugal Cicatricial Alopecia

88 citations , April 2011 in “Archives of Dermatology”

This study found a high prevalence of central hair loss among African American women and associated it with diabetes mellitus type 2, bacterial scalp infections, and hairstyles causing traction.

research Genome-Wide Association Study in Alopecia Areata Implicates Both Innate and Adaptive Immunity

717 citations , June 2010 in “Nature”

This study identified key genetic regions associated with alopecia areata, highlighting both acquired and innate immune involvement, with a novel link to the upregulation of ULBP ligands in autoimmune disease.

research Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia: Clinical Presentations and Prognosis

155 citations , September 2008 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement”

This study observed that frontal fibrosing alopecia predominantly affects postmenopausal women, can be associated with lichen planus, and may lead to progressive hairline recession, though this progression is not consistent in all cases.

research Maintenance of Hair Follicle Immune Privilege Is Linked to Prevention of NK Cell Attack

253 citations , December 2007 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study suggests that human hair follicles may actively suppress natural killer cells, which contrasts with the observed defects in NK cell regulation in alopecia areata.

research Lymphocytes, Neuropeptides, And Genes Involved In Alopecia Areata

286 citations , August 2007 in “Journal of Clinical Investigation”

This review examines the interplay of genetics and neuroimmunology in alopecia areata, highlighting its potential to inform broader autoimmunity research, but reports no new findings.

research Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia Versus Lichen Planopilaris: A Clinicopathological Study

126 citations , April 2006 in “International Journal of Dermatology”

This study found that frontal fibrosing alopecia and lichen planopilaris have similar histopathological features, but FFA exhibits more prominent apoptosis and less inflammation with spared interfollicular epidermis.

research The Hair Cycle

375 citations , February 2006 in “Journal of Cell Science”

This article reviews the stages and regulation of the hair cycle, highlighting molecular regulators involved, but it does not present new research findings.

research Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Chain-Related Gene A Polymorphisms and Extended Haplotypes Are Associated with Familial Alopecia Areata

44 citations , December 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study found significant associations between certain MICA variants and haplotypes with alopecia areata, suggesting MICA as a potential candidate gene linked to the disease's susceptibility and severity.

research Burden of Hair Loss: Stress and the Underestimated Psychosocial Impact of Telogen Effluvium and Androgenetic Alopecia

162 citations , August 2004 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study suggests that stress negatively affects hair growth by inducing inflammation and early hair cycle transitions in mice, which might inform strategies for managing stress-related hair loss in humans.

research Autoimmunity: Alopecia Areata

143 citations , January 2004 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings”

This review discusses the autoimmune nature of alopecia areata, potential therapeutic targets, and highlights the need for further studies on immunomodulatory treatments and genetic factors, but it reports no new clinical results.

research Failure of Passive Transfer of Serum From Patients With Alopecia Areata and Alopecia Universalis to Inhibit Hair Growth in Transplants of Human Scalp Skin Grafted Onto Nude Mice

60 citations , February 1992 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

In this study, serum from patients with alopecia areata or universalis did not affect hair growth in transplanted scalp skin grafts on nude mice, despite increased deposition of immunoreactants.