Alopecia Areata: What’s New in Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Options?

The document reviewed advancements in the understanding of alopecia areata (AA) from 2010 to 2016, focusing on its epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment options. AA, an autoimmune disorder with a genetic predisposition, affected about 2% of the population. Genetic research identified susceptibility loci, and immunological studies highlighted T cells' role in hair follicle destruction. Diagnosis relied on clinical criteria, dermoscopy, and histopathology. Treatments included corticosteroids, topical immunotherapy, and emerging biologics targeting immune pathways, though no definitive cure existed. The review emphasized the significant impact on patients' quality of life and the need for more effective treatments.