162 citations,
August 2005 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” The new "differential stripping" method effectively measures how much substance gets into hair follicles.
74 citations,
June 2010 in “European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics” Minoxidil foam enters hair follicles and skin for hair growth.
15 citations,
October 2020 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” Caffeine penetrates skin quickly through open hair follicles, but less through closed ones, with levels becoming equal after 22 hours.
5 citations,
September 2012 in “Springer eBooks” Nanoparticles can be used to deliver drugs to hair follicles, potentially improving treatments for conditions like acne and alopecia, and could also be used for vaccine delivery and gene therapy.
82 citations,
May 2009 in “BJCP. British journal of clinical pharmacology/British journal of clinical pharmacology” Caffeine penetrates human skin in lab tests similarly to real-life conditions, but actual skin use is still essential for accurate results.
35 citations,
January 2018 in “Skin pharmacology and physiology” Nanoemulsion creams with certain enhancers can greatly increase caffeine delivery through skin.
39 citations,
November 2016 in “Pharmaceutics” The hair follicle pathway significantly affects how easily water-loving chemicals pass through the skin.
69 citations,
December 2015 in “Journal of Controlled Release” Nanocapsules can improve clobetasol delivery to hair follicles, reducing side effects.
12 citations,
March 2012 in “ATLA. Alternatives to laboratory animals” Hair follicles significantly affect the skin absorption of some drugs.
61 citations,
May 2014 in “International journal of pharmaceutics” Nanocrystals improve skin penetration and stability of caffeine, suggesting a new method for delivering similar substances through the skin.
7 citations,
February 2018 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” Researchers developed a method to measure drugs in hair follicles and found that both water-loving and fat-loving drugs can be detected after being applied to the skin.
211 citations,
February 2009 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” Hair follicles help absorb and store topical compounds, aiding targeted drug delivery.
109 citations,
November 2005 in “The journal of investigative dermatology. Symposium proceedings/The Journal of investigative dermatology symposium proceedings” Targeting hair follicles can improve skin treatments and reduce side effects.
10 citations,
August 2015 in “Journal of biophotonics” Hair follicles help substances penetrate the skin faster and more effectively.
94 citations,
May 2011 in “BJCP. British journal of clinical pharmacology/British journal of clinical pharmacology” Hair follicles greatly increase caffeine absorption through the skin shortly after it's applied.
9 citations,
June 2021 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” Using polymeric micelles to deliver spironolactone topically could improve wound healing in skin affected by glucocorticoids.
11 citations,
May 2010 in “Journal of Medicinal Chemistry” A new compound was created in 2010 that can control oil production when applied to the skin, and its effects are completely reversible after two weeks.
182 citations,
December 2007 in “BJCP. British journal of clinical pharmacology/British journal of clinical pharmacology” Hair follicles significantly increase the speed and amount of caffeine absorbed through the skin.
263 citations,
February 2011 in “Journal of Controlled Release” Medium-sized particles penetrate hair follicles better than smaller or larger ones, which could improve delivery of skin treatments.
132 citations,
April 2007 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” The microemulsion delivered the dye deeper into the skin than the cream.
97 citations,
September 2011 in “British Journal of Dermatology” The human hair follicle can store topical compounds and be targeted for drug delivery with minimal side effects.
208 citations,
January 2013 in “Lab on a Chip” The Multi-Organ-Chip improves the growth and quality of skin and hair in the lab, potentially replacing animal testing.
35 citations,
June 2017 in “Pharmaceutical research” Researchers developed a model that shows hair follicles increase skin absorption of caffeine by 20%.
39 citations,
August 2017 in “Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces” 50-nm nanoparticles are better at penetrating skin and targeting hair follicles for drug delivery than 100-nm ones.
19 citations,
December 2013 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” Encapsulated Garcinia mangostana extract in cream penetrates skin better than other forms.
16 citations,
August 2014 in “Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces” Lipid-coated silica nanoparticles penetrate human skin more deeply than bare silica nanoparticles.
3 citations,
April 2015 in “International research journal of pharmacy” Gentamicin penetrates pig skin better through open hair follicles than blocked ones.
The skin is a complex barrier for drug penetration, but understanding its structure and interactions can improve drug delivery methods.
10 citations,
July 2021 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” Nanoparticles sized between 470 and 750 nm are best for delivering substances like caffeine into hair follicles for absorption.
32 citations,
September 2018 in “Journal of pharmaceutical sciences” The model better predicts how water-loving and fat-loving substances move through the skin by including tiny pores and hair follicle paths.